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Reorientation Transition Between Square and Hexagonal Skyrmion Lattices near the Saturation into the Homogeneous State in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Chiral Magnets.
Nanomaterials (Basel)
December 2024
International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8511, Hiroshima, Japan.
I revisit the well-known phase transition between the hexagonal skyrmion lattice and the homogeneous state within the phenomenological Dzyaloshinskii theory for chiral magnets, which includes only the exchange, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya, and Zeeman energy contributions. I show that, in a narrow field range near the saturation field, the hexagonal skyrmion order gradually transforms into a square arrangement of skyrmions. Then, by the second-order phase transition during which the lattice period diverges, the square skyrmion lattice releases a set of repulsive isolated skyrmions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSimilarities and differences in the gene expression signatures of physiological age versus future lifespan.
Aging Cell
December 2024
Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Lifespan variability exists within species, including genetically identical Caenorhabditis elegans, indicating factors beyond genotype and environment influence longevity.
- Researchers identified biomarkers that strongly predict lifespan, some being positively correlated (lin-4p::GFP, mir-243p::GFP) and others negatively correlated (mir-240/786p::GFP, autofluorescence), suggesting a shared health state linked to longevity.
- The study revealed that even among individuals of the same chronological age, those predicted to be long- or short-lived had notable differences in their gene expression profiles, indicating that lifespan predictions involve more than just typical aging processes.
Fractional Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Rhombohedral Multilayer Graphene in the Moiréless Limit.
Phys Rev Lett
November 2024
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The standard model for fractional quantum anomalous Hall (FQAH) effect typically assumes a flat and isolated Chern band, but this study questions that view by focusing on pentalayer graphene aligned with hexagonal boron nitride.
- Through advanced calculations, researchers found that interaction effects produce a significant band gap, leading to stable FQAH states even without the moiré superlattice potential.
- The findings suggest that the QAH insulator at filling ν=1 behaves like an interaction-driven topological Wigner crystal, inviting further exploration of topology and FQAH in systems with low moiré potential.
Theory of Quantum Anomalous Hall Phases in Pentalayer Rhombohedral Graphene Moiré Structures.
Phys Rev Lett
November 2024
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * These FQAH phases are linked to unique electron interactions that lead to the formation of a Chern-1 band, which isn't present in noninteracting conditions.
- * The study also explores additional multi-layer graphene structures and identifies conditions under which a similar Chern-1 band can occur, potentially allowing for FQAH physics in other configurations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Nanoparticles from a Bioflocculant Produced by Isolated from Kombucha Tea SCOBY.
Bioengineering (Basel)
October 2024
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, and Engineering, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
The intriguing characteristics of nanoparticles have fueled recent advancement in the field of nanotechnology. In the current study, a microbial-based bioflocculant made from the SCOBY of Kombucha tea broth was purified, profiled, and utilized to biosynthesize iron nanoparticles as a capping and reducing agent. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and TGA were used to characterize the Fe nanoparticles.
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