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Clinical relevance of feto-maternal microchimerism in (hematopoietic stem cell) transplantation.
Semin Immunopathol
December 2024
Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
Toleration of a semi-allogeneic fetus in the mother's uterus as well as tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) appear to share some immunologic concepts. The existence of microchimeric cells, and the original idea of a bidirectional cell trafficking between mother and child during pregnancy have been known for decades. Today, origins and mechanisms of persistence of microchimeric cells are intensively being elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExosomes as Modulators and Biomarkers of Transplant Immunity.
Curr Transplant Rep
December 2023
Translational Transplant Research Center and Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Exosomes play a significant role in various biological processes, particularly in modulating immune responses during organ transplants and serving as potential biomarkers for graft function or rejection.!* -
- Their effects on post-transplant immunity can vary, as they are involved in activating anti-donor T cells while also promoting tolerance to specific antigens from the donor.!* -
- Exosomes obtained from blood or urine can be used to differentiate between types of rejection in transplants, showing potential for non-invasive monitoring of graft health.!*
Iron-sulfur cluster loss in mitochondrial CISD1 mediates PINK1 loss-of-function phenotypes.
Elife
August 2024
University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Mainz, Germany.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Familial cases of PD are often caused by mutations of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and the ubiquitin ligase Parkin, both pivotal in maintaining mitochondrial quality control. CISD1, a homodimeric mitochondrial iron-sulfur-binding protein, is a major target of Parkin-mediated ubiquitination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegulatory T cell homing and activation is a signature of neonatal sepsis.
Front Immunol
July 2024
Paris-City University, Mére et Enfants en Milieu Tropical: pathogénes, systéme de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT), Institute of Research for Development (IRD), Paris, France.
Article Synopsis
- Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for managing immune responses in newborns, especially regarding tolerance to maternal antigens and fighting infections at birth.
- This study, focusing on newborns in West Africa, found that neonates with early-onset sepsis (EOS) had reduced Treg frequency and expression of the Foxp3 marker compared to healthy newborns with prenatal risk factors, indicating a compromised immune profile.
- The findings suggest that specific Treg markers like CTLA-4, PD-1, and CD39 could serve as potential early diagnostic indicators for EOS, as their expression correlates with the severity and outcome of the condition.
Using Extracellular miRNA Signatures to Identify Patients with LRRK2-Related Parkinson's Disease.
J Parkinsons Dis
July 2024
Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Mutations in the LRRK2 gene are linked to both sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease, and while new therapies are beginning clinical trials, it's difficult to determine which patients will benefit the most.
- This study explores the potential of measuring specific microRNA (miRNA) profiles in blood and cerebrospinal fluid to distinguish between patients with LRRK2 mutations and those with sporadic forms of the disease.
- Results show that certain miRNAs, particularly miR-29c-3p, can effectively differentiate between these groups with high accuracy, suggesting that tracking these biomarkers could help evaluate the effectiveness of LRRK2-targeted treatments in the future, though further research with larger groups is needed.
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