The distribution of two variants of MDG4 (gypsy) was analyzed in several Drosophila melanogaster strains. Southern blot hybridization revealed the inactive variant of MDG4 in all strains examined and active MDG4 only in some of them. Most of the strains harboring the active MDG4 variant were recently isolated from natural populations. It is of interest that the active MDG4 prevailed over the inactive one only in strains carrying the mutant flamenco gene. Several lines were analyzed in more detail. The number of MDG4 sites on salivary-gland polytene chromosomes was established via in situ hybridization, and MDG4 was tested for transposition using the ovoD test.
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- The study focuses on a special group of genes called piRNAs that help female animals stay fertile by stopping bad DNA pieces known as transposons from becoming active.
- Scientists experimented with parts of these genes to learn how they work and found that a protein called Traffic Jam helps control them.
- By looking at the effects of reducing Traffic Jam, the researchers discovered that it not only affects the piRNAs but also helps prevent problems caused by the transposons.
Role of Mod(mdg4)-67.2 Protein in Interactions between Su(Hw)-Dependent Complexes and Their Recruitment to Chromatin.
Biochemistry (Mosc)
April 2024
Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
Su(Hw) belongs to the class of proteins that organize chromosome architecture, determine promoter activity, and participate in formation of the boundaries/insulators between the regulatory domains. This protein contains a cluster of 12 zinc fingers of the C2H2 type, some of which are responsible for binding to the consensus site. The Su(Hw) protein forms complex with the Mod(mdg4)-67.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of a New Model System to Study Long-Distance Interactions Supported by Architectural Proteins.
Int J Mol Sci
April 2024
Department of Drosophila Molecular Genetics, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia.
Chromatin architecture is critical for the temporal and tissue-specific activation of genes that determine eukaryotic development. The functional interaction between enhancers and promoters is controlled by insulators and tethering elements that support specific long-distance interactions. However, the mechanisms of the formation and maintenance of long-range interactions between genome regulatory elements remain poorly understood, primarily due to the lack of convenient model systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSUMM4 complex couples insulator function and DNA replication control.
Elife
December 2022
Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States.
Asynchronous replication of chromosome domains during S phase is essential for eukaryotic genome function, but the mechanisms establishing which domains replicate early versus late in different cell types remain incompletely understood. Intercalary heterochromatin domains replicate very late in both diploid chromosomes of dividing cells and in endoreplicating polytene chromosomes where they are also underreplicated. SNF2-related factor SUUR imparts locus-specific underreplication of polytene chromosomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetrotransposon activation during Drosophila metamorphosis conditions adult antiviral responses.
Nat Genet
December 2022
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Retrotransposons are one type of mobile genetic element that abundantly reside in the genomes of nearly all animals. Their uncontrolled activation is linked to sterility, cancer and other pathologies, thereby being largely considered detrimental. Here we report that, within a specific time window of development, retrotransposon activation can license the host's immune system for future antiviral responses.
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