Papillomavirus virus-like particles (VLPs) are empty, non-replicative, non-infectious particles that retain conformationally correct epitopes for the generation of antibody responses to the viral capsid proteins. Chimeric human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particles incorporating non-structural virus proteins offer an exciting approach for combined prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against HPV-induced lesions. Both HPV VLPs and chimeric VLPs can induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses when injected into mice, leading to the generation of virus-neutralizing antibodies, priming of CD8+ T-cells and activation of cytotoxic T-cell effector functions. This review summarizes recent advances in the production of chimeric VLPs, the immune response elicited by VLPs and chimeric VLPs, and their ability to generate strong protective and therapeutic antitumor immune responses.
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January 2025
Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America.
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Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States.
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Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China.
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Viruses
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State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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