Uncertainties of four enzyme-CRMs that have recently been certified in a co-operation between the IRMM and the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry were estimated. Estimation was based on the sum of the uncertainties of characterization, homogeneity and stability. Data from the certification collaborative study were used to estimate laboratory uncertainties, which form the basis for the uncertainty of characterization. Estimations for the uncertainty of homogeneity were derived from classical homogeneity studies. The estimations of uncertainty of stability caused the most difficulties. Realistic uncertainties fitting the needs of customers while being derived from measurement data based on theoretical considerations were obtained.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000547 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
December 2024
Innovative Global Program, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan.
This paper presents a novel and comprehensive control framework for the Rotary Inverted Pendulum (RIP), focusing on a hybrid control strategy that addresses the limitations of conventional methods in nonlinear and complex systems. The proposed controller synergistically combines an Optimized Fuzzy Logic Controller (OFLC) with Sliding Mode Control (SMC), leveraging the strengths of both techniques to achieve superior performance. The integration of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) into the OFLC significantly enhances its adaptability and precision, while the SMC law provides robust disturbance rejection and system stability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Affect Disord
December 2024
Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Electronic address:
Background: Anxiety disorders are widespread across the world. Understanding the global burden of anxiety disorders in the past and future can provide important references for optimizing prevention and control strategies in healthcare systems.
Methods: The estimation of anxiety disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 using systematic review was conducted to describe incidence, prevalence and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2021.
Vaccine
December 2024
Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; IDEAS Center, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Electronic address:
Background: The economic and public health benefits of adult pneumococcal vaccines vary across countries due to different epidemiology and costs. We systematically reviewed and summarized findings and assumptions of cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) of the recently introduced 15- and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20) in adults.
Methods: We performed a systematic search for CEA studies of PCV15 and/or PCV20 versus existing strategies via PubMed, EMBASE, CEA Registry, EconLit, HTA Database, and NITAG resource center through April 23, 2024.
Sci Rep
December 2024
School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
To achieve high-performance trajectory tracking for a manipulator, this study proposes a novel sliding mode control strategy incorporating a nonlinear disturbance observer. The observer is designed to estimate unknown models in real-time, enabling feedforward compensation for various uncertainties such as modeling errors, joint friction, and external torque disturbances. The control law is formulated by integrating the Backstepping method, Lyapunov theory, and global fast terminal sliding mode theory, ensuring global convergence to zero within finite time and enhancing system robustness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Department of Civil Engineering, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
Civil structures are prone to dynamic loadings such as strong winds or ground excitations where torsion becomes an ongoing issue. This arises from a lack of coincidence of the center of mass (CM) and rigidity (CR), known as eccentricity. Seismic design codes often introduce two types of eccentricity: inherent (geometric) and accidental.
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