Impairment of avoidance conditioning in the shuttle box was found in rats with bicuculline intrapallidal administration, as well as activation of the conditioning and stereotyped movements during amphetamine intrastriatal administration. These neuropharmacological effects upon both ganglia areas induced dynamic behavioural changes in the avoidance conditioning and open-field locomotor activity. The findings suggest involvement of neostriatalpallidal relationship in control of avoidance conditioning and complex behavioural acts.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Recent research has identified sex-dependent links between risk taking behaviors, approach-avoidance bias and alcohol intake. However, preclinical studies have typically assessed alcohol drinking using a singular dimension of intake (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Biol Med
January 2025
Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany.
The application of supervised models to clinical screening tasks is challenging due to the need for annotated data for each considered pathology. Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) is an alternative approach that aims to identify any anomaly as an outlier from a healthy training distribution. A prevalent strategy for UAD in brain MRI involves using generative models to learn the reconstruction of healthy brain anatomy for a given input image.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Paediatr Open
January 2025
Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are creating unprecedented climate-driven extreme weather, with levels of heat and humidity surpassing human physiological tolerance for heat stress. These conditions create a risk of mass casualties, with some populations particularly vulnerable due to physiological, behavioural and socioeconomic conditions (eg, lack of adequate shelter, limited healthcare infrastructure, sparse air conditioning access and electrical grid vulnerabilities). Children, especially young children, are uniquely vulnerable to extreme heat-related morbidity and mortality due to factors including low body mass, high metabolism, suboptimal thermoregulatory mechanisms and behavioural vulnerabilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
January 2025
Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Paris, France.
Transitive inference, the ability to establish hierarchical relationships between stimuli, is typically tested by training with premise pairs (e.g., A + B-, B + C-, C + D-, D + E-), which establishes a stimulus hierarchy (A > B > C > D > E).
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