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Controlled human infection studies accelerate vaccine development.
J Infect Dis
January 2025
Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
Clinical trials that employ human challenge, also known as controlled human infection models (CHIM), have rapidly advanced vaccine development for multiple pathogens, including at least 30 disease models to date. CHIM studies, championed by networks of researchers, regulators, ethicists, technical experts, and other stakeholders, limit exposure of individuals to an investigational product, de-risk product investments, identify correlates of protection, and most importantly provide a prompt readout of vaccine efficacy. While CHIM studies provide multiple advantages, important challenges exist, including strengthening the relevance and comparability of CHIM study results to efficacy trials in endemic areas, particularly in resource-limited settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Gastric cancer cases in Brazil and waiting times for diagnosis and treatment].
Cien Saude Colet
January 2025
Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
The aim is to describe the sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological profile of hospital cases of gastric cancer and to analyze factors associated with the Time-to-Treatment in Brazil. Exploratory study of sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological characteristics of cases of gastric cancer. Time-to-Treatment were continuously estimated and then categorized into ≤ 60/> 60 days to estimate prevalence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproved Risk Adjustment for Comorbid Diagnoses in Administrative Claims Analyses of Orthopaedic Surgery.
J Bone Joint Surg Am
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, California.
Background: The accurate inclusion of patient comorbidities ensures appropriate risk adjustment in clinical or health services research and payment models. Orthopaedic studies often use only the comorbidities included at the index inpatient admission when quantifying patient risk. The goal of this study was to assess improvements in capture rates and in model fit and discriminatory power when using additional data and best practices for comorbidity capture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe European regulatory system for plant protection products-cause of a "Silent Spring" or highly advanced and protective?
Integr Environ Assess Manag
January 2025
Industrieverband Agrar e. V. (IVA), Wissenschaft und Innovation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Current publications that are shaping public perception repeatedly claim that residues of plant protection products (PPP) in the environment demonstrate gaps in assessing the exposure and effects of PPP, allegedly revealing the inability of the European regulatory system to prevent environmental contamination and damage such as biodiversity decline. The hypothesis is that environmental risk assessments rely on inappropriate predictive models that underestimate exposure and do not explicitly account for the impact of combinations of environmental stressors and physiological differences in stress responses. This article puts this criticism into context to allow for a more balanced evaluation of the European regulatory system for PPP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRGB sensor integrated into unmanned aerial vehicle for monitoring cyanobacterial density in reservoirs.
Integr Environ Assess Manag
January 2025
Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil.
The proliferation of cyanobacteria has become a significant water management challenge due to the increasing eutrophication of water supply reservoirs. Cyanobacterial blooms thrive on elevated nutrient concentrations and form extensive green mats, disrupting the local ecosystem. Furthermore, many cyanobacterial species can produce toxins that are lethal to vertebrates called cyanotoxins.
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