[Immunosensors: sources of origin, achievements and perspectives].

The analysis of the recent data in the literature and results of investigations in the field of the development and study of function efficiency of different types of immune sensors, that are performed at the Department of Biochemistry Sensory and Regulatory Systems of the A. V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences are presented. Sources of origination and perspectives of the devlopment of biosensors are discussed as well. The paper also gives an overview of main research projects at the Department, mainly in the filed of biosensors. They include development of the scientific bases for the creation of a new generation of chemo- and biosensors for their application in medicine and ecology. Multi-immune, multi-enzyme and combined multi-parametrical sensors can provide express analyses in laboratory and field conditions with the purpose to perform immune chemical diagnostics of diabet, kidney diseases, immune defficiencies, autoimmune, allergic, pre-infarction and pre-tumor states as well as to control total toxicity of the environment and identification of main types of toxic elements in it. The investigations are based on the latest achivements in the field of physics, chemistry, information technology and electronics with the use of different types of planar electrodes, ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs), semiconductor capacitive structures, termistors, optrodes, piezocrystalls and application of such methods and effects as laser correlation spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, photoluminescence of porous silicon, interferometry, evanescent wave technique, nonemmiting energy transfer and holography.