There have been several reports claiming that there is a risk that laparoscopic cholecystectomy might worsen the prognosis of unexpected gallbladder cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate which factors influence the prognosis of such cancers. A clinicopathological study was conducted in 25 patients with unexpected gallbladder cancer. The results of 10 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were compared with those of 15 patients undergoing open cholecystectomy. Correlations were evaluated between cumulative survival rates and seven prognostic factors, namely, age, sex, histopathological grade, pathological stage, occurrence of bile spillage, type of cholecystectomy (laparoscopic or open) and additional surgical treatments. Seven patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (70%) and 9 patients after open cholecystectomy (64%) had cancer recurrence: the difference was not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant correlation between survival rate and tumour stage (P < 0.01) and occurrence of bile spillage (P < 0.05). There was no difference in survival depending on whether cholecystectomy was carried out using laparoscopic or traditional techniques. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not adversely affect the prognosis of unexpected gallbladder cancer. Once the histological findings have been examined, the surgeon will decide whether it is necessary to extend surgery, regardless of whether laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy is carried out.
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