A position paper on the subject of certified surgical specialists was published in 1966 under the direction of Professor Charles Wells of Liverpool, England. President John Terblanche of the International Federation of Surgical Colleges brought together leaders in surgical education from four nations (Australia, Japan, South Africa, United States) to update current "state-of-the art" views. Presentations were made at the 38th Congress of the International Society of Surgery, August 18, 1999 in Vienna, Austria. After careful review of the four presentations, it was clear that surgeons all over the world have made great improvements in the many facets of surgical education. Yet the advances remain spotty, with gaps noted when viewed from an international perspective.
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