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Development of RT-PCR Assays for Simple Detection and Identification of Sabin Virus Contaminants in the Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccines.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
Background/objectives: Conventional live oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) effectively prevent poliomyelitis. These vaccines are derived from three attenuated Sabin strains of poliovirus, which can revert within the first week of replication to a neurovirulent phenotype, leading to sporadic cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) among vaccinees and their contacts. A novel OPV2 vaccine (nOPV2) with enhanced genetic stability was developed recently; type 1 and type 3 nOPV strains were engineered using the nOPV2 genome as a backbone by replacing the capsid precursor polyprotein (P1) with that of Sabin strains type 1 and type 3, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInteractions between live attenuated influenza vaccine and nasopharyngeal microbiota among children aged 24-59 months in The Gambia: a phase 4, open-label, randomised controlled trial.
Lancet Microbe
January 2025
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. Electronic address:
Background: Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) alter nasopharyngeal microbiota in adults. It is poorly understood why LAIV immunogenicity varies across populations, but it could be linked to the microbiome. We aimed to investigate the interactions between intranasal immunisation with LAIV and nasopharyngeal microbiota composition in children from The Gambia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArsenic-Induced Inflammatory Response via ROS-Dependent Activation of ERK/NF-kB Signaling Pathways: Protective Role of Natural Polyphenol Tannic Acid.
J Appl Toxicol
December 2024
Division of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Arsenic (As), a highly toxic metalloid, is present throughout our environment as a result of both natural and human-related activities. Furthermore, As exposure could lead to a persistent inflammatory response, which may facilitate the pathogenesis of several diseases in various organs. This study was performed to investigate the As-induced inflammatory response and the underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Trivalent Live Vaccine Elicits Cross-Species Protection Against Acute Otitis Media in a Murine Model.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common pediatric infection worldwide and is the primary basis for pediatric primary care visits and antibiotic prescriptions in children. Current licensed vaccines have been incompletely ineffective at reducing the global burden of AOM, underscoring a major unmet medical need. The complex etiology of AOM presents additional challenges for vaccine development, as it can stem from multiple bacterial species including , , and .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Protective Effect of IL-17A in Pneumonic Plague Can Be Compensated by Effective Vaccines and Immunization Strategies in Mice.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Plague, caused by , poses a public health threat not only due to sporadic outbreaks across the globe but also due to its potential as a biothreat agent. Ironically, among the seven deadliest pandemics in global history, three were caused by . Pneumonic plague, the more contagious and severe form of the disease, is difficult to contain, requiring either prophylactic antibiotic treatment or vaccination.
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