A 62-year-old woman presented with episodic sweating and shivering with reduced core temperature. Brain MRI demonstrated a basal forebrain malformation. Physiologic testing included EEG, SPECT, heat challenge, and autonomic testing. Glycopyrrolate aborted spells and raised core temperature. Hypothalamic dysregulation is likely the primary pathophysiology in the setting of other forebrain anomalies. These findings expand the structural abnormalities and treatment options within the temperature dysregulating conditions of Shapiro's syndrome and "diencephalic epilepsy."
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.56.2.254 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
Background: The orexin/hypocretin neuropeptide system, primarily found in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical region, modulates sleep, wakefulness, appetite, and cognitive function. One region with dense orexinergic projections is the basal forebrain (BF), which is the major source of acetylcholine in the neocortex and limbic structures such as the hippocampus. The basal forebrain cholinergic system mediates cognition and dysfunction is one of the key hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Neuromodulatory subcortical systems (NSS) are affected from the early stages of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) by the accumulation of tau pathology. Increased tau burden within the subcortical nucleus that are in control of sleep and wake regulation may contribute to the breakdown of sleep-wake patterns in AD. A recent postmortem study showed that subcortical wake-promoting neurons were related to sleep phenotypes in AD and PSP, being that greater neuronal count in locus coeruleus (LC), tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) associated with a decreased sleep drive (Oh et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Struct Funct
December 2024
School of Medicine, Department of Neuropharmacology, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
This editorial celebrates the 80th birthday of Distinguished Professor Laszlo Zaborszky, co-founder of Brain Structure and Function, and reflects on his monumental contributions to neuroscience, particularly his pioneering work on the cholinergic basal forebrain. Professor Zaborszky's research has reshaped our understanding of this brain region's organization and function, uncovering its critical role in cognitive processes such as learning, memory, and attention. His findings have challenged longstanding assumptions, demonstrating that the cholinergic projections to the cortex are highly organized, with implications for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of rehabilitation Medicine, SuiNing Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, SuiNing 629000, China. Electronic address:
The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is responsible for integrating both internal and external sensory information and controlling/regulating a wide range of physiological processes, such as feeding, thermogenesis, nociceptive and pruritic sensations, and respiration. Recently, the PBN has been found to be involved in mediating wakefulness maintenance, sleep-wake transition, exogenous neuromodulation of awakening, and arousal-promoting process triggered by drastic changes in the internal environments, such as hypercapnia, hypoxia, and hypertension. Multiple neural pathways and subpopulations of neurons are responsible for arousal-promoting effects of the PBN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychiatry Res Neuroimaging
December 2024
Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China. Electronic address:
Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) measures have enjoyed significant success in discovering the neuropathological characteristics of schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it is unknown whether and how the spatial and temporal coupling relationships across rsFC measures would be altered in these psychiatric disorders. Here, resting-state fMRI data were obtained from a transdiagnostic sample of healthy controls (HC) and individuals with SZ, BD, and ADHD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!