Telomerase activity by TRAP assay and telomerase RNA (hTR) expression are predictive of outcome in neuroblastoma.

Background: Recent studies have associated telomerase with prognostic factors and survival in neuroblastoma.

Procedure: We examined telomerase activity by telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) and expression of the RNA component of telomerase (hTR) by Northern blotting in 106 primary neuroblastoma tumors and 22 established cell lines.

Results: Overall survival at 5 years for all 106 tumors was significantly better for patients with undetectable TRAP (75% vs. 59%; P = 0.03) or low hTR expression (84% vs. 43%; P < 0.0001), and especially for patients whose tumors had both low hTR expression and undetectable TRAP (all patients, 91% vs. 54%, P = 0.0002; for 17 stage IV-S tumors, 100% vs. 72%, P = 0.04). Strong expression of hTR was seen in 22 cell lines from aggressive tumors, and all maintained telomere length, but 3/22 were TRAP negative.

Conclusions: These data suggest that both hTR expression and telomerase activity via the TRAP assay should be performed concurrently to predict survival in neuroblastoma patients, particularly in stage 4-S.