The concept of controlling stochastic resonance has been recently introduced [L. Gammaitoni et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4574 (1999)] to enhance or suppress the spectral response to threshold-crossing events triggered by a time-periodic signal in background noise. Here, we develop a general theoretical framework, based on a rate equation approach. This generic two-state theory captures the essential features observed in our experiments and numerical simulations.
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