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Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are handheld electronic vaping devices that produce an aerosol by heating an e-liquid. People who smoke, healthcare providers, and regulators want to know if ECs can help people quit smoking, and if they are safe to use for this purpose. This is a review update conducted as part of a living systematic review.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman parvovirus B19 virus-like particle formation in Nicotiana benthamiana.
Protein Expr Purif
February 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Japan. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- There is growing interest in using plants to produce vaccine components, and this study shows successful production of the human parvovirus B19 (B19V) capsid protein (VP2) in Nicotiana benthamiana cells.
- By cloning the VP1 and VP2 genes and using estrogen-inducible promoters, the researchers were able to significantly enhance VP2 expression, especially with the help of codon optimization that improved production over 30-fold.
- The expressed VP2 proteins formed spherical particles (virus-like particles) and were primarily found in the cytoplasm, indicating a viable plant-based method for producing B19V VLPs.
Traditional Indigenous-Amazonian Therapy Involving Ceremonial Tobacco Drinking as Medicine: A Transdisciplinary Multi-Epistemic Observational Study.
Health Educ Behav
December 2024
University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Although the tobacco plant has been employed as a medicinal and sacred herb by Indigenous cultures across the Americas, its usage drastically changed after the 15th-century colonial arrival; its large-scale commodification and global marketing once brought to Europe lead to hedonic and addictive uses harmful to health. As a consequence, tobacco smoking is now one of the largest public health problems worldwide. However, in the Peruvian Amazon, a region of origin of tobacco species, Indigenous healers still know how to use the plant for therapeutic purposes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Rubicon-WIPI axis regulates exosome biogenesis during ageing.
Nat Cell Biol
September 2024
Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Cells use exosomes, which are small vesicles released from multivesicular bodies, to communicate with other cells, and recent research links their formation to autophagy, but the exact mechanisms are still unclear.
- A study highlighted that Rubicon, a protein that negatively regulates autophagy, is crucial for the release of exosomes by recruiting another protein, WIPI2d, to enhance their formation.
- The findings also showed that Rubicon plays a significant role in the age-related increase in exosome release in mice and influences the types of microRNAs found in exosomes, which are related to aging and longevity.
Determinants of mortality status and population attributable risk fractions of the North West Province, South African site of the international PURE study.
Arch Public Health
July 2024
Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Background: Mortality data and comparative risk assessments from sub-Saharan Africa are limited. There is an urgent need for high quality population health surveys to be conducted, to improve the national health surveillance system. Our aim was to perform a comparative risk assesment and report on the mortality status and cause of death data of participants from a South African site of the international Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study.
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