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Decoding Salience: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Reward and Contextual Unexpectedness in Memory Encoding and Retrieval.
Hum Brain Mapp
January 2025
Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
The present study investigated the neuromodulatory substrates of salience processing and its impact on memory encoding and behaviour, with a specific focus on two distinct types of salience: reward and contextual unexpectedness. 46 Participants performed a novel task paradigm modulating these two aspects independently and allowing for investigating their distinct and interactive effects on memory encoding while undergoing high-resolution fMRI. By using advanced image processing techniques tailored to examine midbrain and brainstem nuclei with high precision, our study additionally aimed to elucidate differential activation patterns in subcortical nuclei in response to reward-associated and contextually unexpected stimuli, including distinct pathways involving in particular dopaminergic modulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCapillary connections between sensory circumventricular organs and adjacent parenchyma enable local volume transmission.
J Neuroendocrinol
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Among contributors to diffusible signaling are portal systems which join two capillary beds through connecting veins. Portal systems allow diffusible signals to be transported in high concentrations directly from one capillary bed to the other without dilution in the systemic circulation. Two portal systems have been identified in the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCumulative Social Disadvantage and Medicinal Cannabis Use Among Younger Adults in Rural Communities: A Mixed Methods Approach.
J Psychoactive Drugs
January 2025
Center for Critical Public Health, The Institute for Scientific Analysis, Alameda, CA, USA.
This mixed-methods study investigated the role of medicinal cannabis use among younger adults who live in rural communities and experience high levels of cumulative social disadvantage (CSD). Results are based on cross-sectional surveys and online interviews with 153 younger adults (18-35-years old) in rural California. We assessed participants' levels of CSD (high, medium, and low) and examined associations with perceived general physical and mental health and with medicinal use of cannabis (MUC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociations of Tai Chi With Depression and Anxiety Among Older Adults: Nationwide Study Findings From a Network Perspective.
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol
January 2025
Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
Within the global population, depression and anxiety are common among older adults. Tai Chi is believed to have a positive impact on these disturbances. This study examined the network structures of depression and anxiety among older Tai Chi practitioners vs non-practitioners.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA systematic review of neurocognition and social cognition in body dysmorphic disorder.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry
January 2025
Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Objective: Neurocognitive underpinnings are implicated in the aetiology and maintenance of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD); however, inconsistent findings across a range of neurocognitive domains suggest that a comprehensive synthesis of the literature using a hierarchical framework of neurocognition is needed.
Methods: A final search across OVID Medline, PsycNET, Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted on 20 June 2024 to identify research that examined performance on behavioural tasks of objective neurocognition in BDD. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
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