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Aims: The Lynch syndrome (LS) screening algorithm requires BRAF testing as a fundamental step to distinguish sporadic from LS-associated colorectal carcinomas (CRC). BRAF testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has shown variable results in the literature. Our aim was to analyse concordance between BRAF IHC and BRAF molecular analysis in a large, mono-institutional CRC whole-slide, case series with laboratory validation.

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(1) Background: The human MutS homolog, hMSH2, is known to be involved in DNA mismatch repair and is responsible for maintaining the stability of the genome. When DNA damage occurs, MSH2 promotes cell apoptosis via the regulation of ATR/Chk2/p53 signal transduction, and MSH2 deficiency is also related to accelerated telomere shortening in humans. MSH2 missense mutations are involved in a defective DNA reparation process, and it can be implied in carcinogenesis, as it is already involved in well-known cancer-related syndromes such as Lynch syndrome.

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DNA mismatch repair system (MMR) is considered a leading genetic mechanism in stabilizing DNA structure and maintaining its function. DNA MMR is a highly conserved system in bacteria, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic cells, and provides the highest protection to DNA by repairing micro-structural alterations. DNA MMR proteins are involved in the detection and repair of intra-nucleotide base-to-base errors inside the complementary DNA strand recognizing the recently synthesized strand from the parental template.

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Article Synopsis
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors, specifically PD-1 inhibitors, show potential as a new treatment for patients with Richter transformation-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma variant (RT-DLBCL), based on a study of 64 patients.
  • The study categorized tumor expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, CD30, and microsatellite instability, identifying a subset of patients (43.7%) with an "immune evasion phenotype" (IEP+) that displayed significantly higher levels of PD1-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
  • Patients with brisk PD1+ TILs had a notably better overall survival rate compared to those with lower levels of TILs, indicating a correlation between immune response
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Mismatch repair system in colorectal cancer. Frequency, cancer phenotype, and follow-up.

Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed)

November 2022

Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición «Salvador Zubirán», Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address:

Introduction And Aims: A frequent task in the study of colorectal carcinomas (CRC) is to identify tumors harboring deficient DNA mismatch repair systems (dMMR), which are associated with microsatellite instability. Given that there is scant information on those tumors in Mexican patients, our aim was to describe their frequency, clinical and pathologic characteristics, and results, which are necessary for future trials.

Materials And Methods: A consecutive series of CRC patients, treated and followed at a tertiary care center was performed.

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