On two occasions, sevoflurane distributed for clinical practice has been found to be contaminated with compounds thought to include hydrogen fluoride (HF) and silicon tetrafluoride (SiF(4)). Both compounds can produce pulmonary injury. However, injury would require fractional distillation of the compounds during the course of sevoflurane vaporization. We hypothesized that such distillation would occur and that the compounds would vaporize more rapidly than would sevoflurane. Thus, we tested whether fractional distillation occurs during vaporization of sevoflurane containing HF or SiF(4), or from sevoflurane containing HF converted to other compounds by contact with glass. Vaporization of < 10% of the sevoflurane distilled 65%-99% of these compounds, SiF(4) distilling most rapidly, HF (converted to other acidic compounds, including SiF(4)) distilling nearly as rapidly, and HF slowest. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicated that HF interaction with glass changed all HF to three other compounds, one being SiF(4) and the others being unknown. HF and SiF4 distill from sevoflurane more rapidly than sevoflurane is vaporized. Measurement of acidity after sevoflurane administration may not reveal a previous presence of such contaminants.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200010000-00040 | DOI Listing |
Heliyon
October 2024
Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
Biomed Pharmacother
October 2024
LIM 12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, Brazil. Electronic address:
We assessed in vivo the protective effects and underlying antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of dry green tee extract (GTE) on glomerular and tubular kidney function and structure in an experimental model of gentamicin (GEN)-induced nephrotoxicity. Wistar rats were divided into four groups and treated daily for 10 days. The control group received distilled water; the GTE group received 20 μg/g body weight (BW) GTE by gavage; the GEN group received 100 mg/g BW GEN intraperitoneally; and the GEN+GTE group received GTE and GEN simultaneously, as described above.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
September 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering (PGMEC), Sustainable Energy Research & Development Center (NPDEAS), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Brain Sci
June 2024
School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, No.96, Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China.
This paper proposes a new hybrid model for classifying stress states using EEG signals, combining multi-domain transfer entropy (TrEn) with a two-dimensional PCANet (2D-PCANet) approach. The aim is to create an automated system for identifying stress levels, which is crucial for early intervention and mental health management. A major challenge in this field lies in extracting meaningful emotional information from the complex patterns observed in EEG.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
June 2024
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Science and Technology, Hunan University of Humanities, Loudi, China.
Echinochloa crus-galli is a serious weed species in rice paddies. To obtain a new potential bioherbicide, we evaluated the inhibitory activities of 13 essential oils and their active substances against E. crus-galli.
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