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Sedation and general anaesthesia of crocodilians: a systematic review.
Acta Vet Scand
October 2024
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Sedation and general anaesthesia of crocodilians pose unique challenges due to their aggressive nature, poikilothermic physiology, and specific anatomical and physiological characteristics, all factors that complicate crocodilian anaesthesia. This review aimed to systematically review the literature regarding sedation and general anaesthesia of crocodilians with focus on efficacy and impact on vital parameters. A systematic literature search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on May 2, 2023 in the databases Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere is no limitation for CO2 excretion across the lung in exercising American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis).
J Exp Biol
September 2024
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * Research by Hillman et al. (2013) argued that previous studies have mainly focused on mammals, suggesting that non-mammalian vertebrates have evolved excess capacity in their cardiorespiratory systems to improve CO2 removal.
- * In our study on American alligators, we found that their cardiorespiratory system effectively supports CO2 excretion during intense exercise, showing no significant limitations in how they expel carbon dioxide.
"Double scale" is a poorly characterized skin defect of crocodilians that drastically reduces the economic value of crocodilian skin. This study investigated the morphology and pathogenesis of double scale in a ranching farm of American alligators (). We compared the histopathology of skin and selected organs (liver, lung, kidney, heart, spleen, intestine, and brain) of alligators with double scale against healthy control animals, together with serum and liver vitamin and mineral levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConstitutive Innate Immunity and Systemic Responses to Infection of the American Alligator ().
Animals (Basel)
March 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Uninfected alligators have strong genes that help them fight off infections, while uninfected mice focus more on digestion and energy.
- When mice are injected with bacteria, they get really sick and can even die.
- But when alligators are injected with a lot of the same bacteria, they don't get sick and even clear their stomachs quickly, showing they use energy to boost their immune system without getting more tired.
Transesophageal echocardiography of cardiac function in Nile crocodiles - A novel tool for assessing complex hemodynamic patterns.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol
February 2024
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address:
Background: The crocodilian heart is unique among reptiles with its four-chambered structure and complete intracardiac separation of pulmonary and systemic blood flows and pressures. Crocodiles have retained two aortic arches; one from each ventricle, that communicate via Foramen of Panizza, immediately distally from the aortic valves. Moreover, crocodiles can regulate vascular resistance in the pulmonary portion of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT).
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