It is claimed that lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) improves inspiratory muscle function. As diaphragm structure and function are not directly appraisable in patients, we studied the effects of LVRS on the diaphragm in vitro contractile properties and morphology in hamsters with elastase-induced emphysema. Four months after intratracheal instillation of elastase (40 U/100 g), hamsters underwent either bilateral LVRS (LVRS, n = 11) or a sham operation (SHAM, n = 8). Four animals died during the perioperative period in LVRS (n = 7). Hamsters instilled with saline served as control (CTL, n = 8). Animals were studied at the age of 9 mo. LVRS was associated with a significant 25% decrease in functional residual capacity compared to SHAM (p < 0.05). Compared with CTL, LVRS and SHAM showed a significant 18% and 14% reduction in diaphragm mass, respectively (p = 0.02). LVRS had a significantly decreased twitch tension compared to CTL and SHAM (p < 0.01). Both LVRS and SHAM showed increased resistance to muscle fatigue compared with CTL. The histochemical analysis revealed a significant shift from type IIx/b toward type IIa fibers in LVRS and SHAM compared with CTL. In conclusion, emphysema is associated with functional adaptations but LVRS does not appear to beneficially alter the diaphragm contractile and morphological characteristics in hamsters with elastase-induced emphysema.
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