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Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: Insights into Pathogenesis, Immune Evasion, and Technological Innovations in Oncolytic and Vaccine Development.
Viruses
December 2024
Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) represents a significant advancement in therapeutic medicine, offering unique molecular and cellular characteristics that make it exceptionally suitable for medical applications. The bullet-shaped morphology, RNA genome organization, and cytoplasmic replication strategy provide fundamental advantages for both vaccine development and oncolytic applications. VSV's interaction with host cells through the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and its sophisticated transcriptional regulation mechanisms enables precise control over therapeutic applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Known and Unknown of Global Tick-Borne Viruses.
Viruses
November 2024
Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
Ticks are crucial vectors for various pathogens associated with human and animal diseases, including viruses. Nevertheless, significant knowledge gaps prevail in our understanding of tick-borne viruses (TBVs). We here examined existing studies on TBVs, uncovering 870 documented virus species across 28 orders, 55 families, and 66 genera.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), characterized by reproductive failures in breeding pigs and respiratory diseases in growing pigs, is a widespread and challenging disease. The agent, PRRSV, is a single-strand RNA virus that is undergoing continuous mutation and evolution, resulting in the global spread of multiple strains with different genetic characteristics and variable antigens. There are currently no effective measures to eradicate PRRS, and vaccination is crucial for controlling the disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of the Course of COVID-19 Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Heart Transplant Recipients in Slovenia.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Infectious Diseases Department, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
: Patients receiving heart transplantation require lifelong immunosuppression and compared to the general population, they have a more than five times higher chance of acquiring COVID-19, and their mortality rates are higher. The aim of the present study was to estimate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in heart transplant recipients (HTRs) in Slovenia to estimate the vaccination rate and evaluate possible vaccination-hesitant subgroups. : All SARS-CoV-2-positive HTRs (N = 79) between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2023 at the Infectious Diseases Department, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, were included retrospectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Statistical Model to Predict Protection Against Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Through Maternal Immunization.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
Background/objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants worldwide. Maternal immunization to protect younger infants is supported by evidence that virus-neutralizing antibodies, which are efficiently transferred across the placenta from mother to fetus, are a primary immune mediator of protection. In maternal RSV vaccine studies, estimates of correlates of protection are elusive because many factors of maternal-fetal immunobiology and disease characteristics must be considered for the estimates.
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