A mathematical description is presented of osmotic flows across both ideally semipermeable membranes and membranes permeable not only for the solvent but also for the solute. The principles of thermodynamics of irreversible processes used for the description are given and illustrated on the example of electroosmosis. Modern ideas about the physical basis of osmotic pressure on porous membranes are discussed and an experiment is described that models the processes of osmosis on a macroscopic level.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
The secreted protease ADAMTS18 links early isoform transformation and maturation of glomerular basement membrane macromolecules to the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) has a unique spatial structure, including porous capillary endothelial cells, glomerular basal membrane (GBM) and highly specialized podocytes. This special structure is essential for the hemofiltration process of nephrons. GBM is the central meshwork structure of GFB formed by the assembly and fusion of various extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules, such as laminins and collagens, which undergo isoform transformation and maturation that may require precise regulation by metalloproteinases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report on the design and fabrication of a novel circular pillar array as an interfacial barrier for microfluidic microphysiological systems (MPS). Traditional barrier interfaces, such as porous membranes and microchannel arrays, present limitations due to inconsistent pore size, complex fabrication and device assembly, and lack of tunability using a scalable design. Our pillar array overcomes these limitations by providing precise control over pore size, porosity, and hydraulic resistance through simple modifications of pillar dimensions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacrophage activity modulation via synergistic effect of a porous substrate and low-field laser therapy.
Acta Bioeng Biomech
June 2024
1Institute of Applied Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of substrate - polycaprolactone (PCL)-based porous membrane modified with rosmarinic acid (RA), (PCL-RA) and to determine the optimal values of low field laser irradiation (LLLT) as stimulators of biological response of RAW 264.7 macrophages. : The porous polymer membrane was obtained by the phase inversion method, the addition of rosmarinic acid was 1%wt.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptimizing Nanobubble Production in Ceramic Membranes: Effects of Pore Size, Surface Hydrophobicity, and Flow Conditions on Bubble Characteristics and Oxygenation.
Langmuir
January 2025
John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd., Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States.
Precise control of nanobubble size is essential for optimizing the efficiency and performance of nanobubble applications across diverse fields, such as agriculture, water treatment, and medicine. Producing fine bubbles, including nanobubbles, is commonly achieved by purging gas through porous media, such as ceramic or polymer membranes. Many operational factors and membrane properties can significantly influence nanobubble production and characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSimulation of fluid flow with Cuprophan and AN69ST membranes in the dialyzer during hemodialysis.
Biomed Phys Eng Express
January 2025
Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Av. 1o de Mayo S/N, Santa María las Torres, Campo Uno, 54740 Cuautitlán Izcalli, Edo. de Méx., Cuautitlan Izcalli, Estado de México, 54740, MEXICO.
Hemodialysis is a crucial procedure for removing toxins and waste from the body when kidneys fail to perform this function effectively. This study addresses the need to improve the efficiency and biocompatibility of membranes used in dialyzers. We simulate fluid flow through two types of membranes, Cuprophan (cellulosic) and AN69ST (synthetic), to understand the complex mechanisms involved and quantify key variables such as pressure, concentration, and flow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!