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Enhanced somatosensory inhibition sharpens hand representation and sensorimotor skills in pianists.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
Dexterous motor skills, like those needed for playing musical instruments and sports, require the somatosensory system to accurately and rapidly process somatosensory information from multiple body parts. This is challenging due to the convergence of afferent inputs from different body parts into a single neuron and the overlapping representation of neighboring body parts in the somatosensory cortices. How do trained individuals, such as pianists and athletes, manage this? Here, a series of five experiments with pianists and nonmusicians (female and male) shows that pianists have enhanced inhibitory function in the somatosensory system, which isolates the processing of somatosensory afferent inputs from each finger.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of forelimb morphology in muscle sensorimotor functions during locomotion in the cat.
J Physiol
January 2025
School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Previous research has highlighted the importance of hindlimb muscle morphology in locomotion, but the role of forelimb muscle structure in motor outputs and sensory signal generation is less understood.
- This study measured the morphological features of 46 forelimb muscles in cats and analyzed their function during different types of locomotion, revealing significant relationships between muscle characteristics and force production.
- Results indicate that forelimb muscle morphology plays a vital role in controlling lateral stability and turning movements, emphasizing its importance beyond just propulsion in locomotion.
Pharmacological blocking of spinal GABA receptors in monkeys reduces sensory transmission to the spinal cord, thalamus, and cortex.
Cell Rep
December 2024
Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address:
A century of research established that GABA inhibits proprioceptive inputs presynaptically to sculpt spinal neural inputs into skilled motor output. Recent results in mice challenged this theory by showing that GABA can also facilitate action potential conduction in proprioceptive afferents. Here, we tackle this controversy in monkeys, the most human-relevant animal model, and show that GABA receptors (GABARs) indeed facilitate sensory inputs to spinal motoneurons and interneurons and that this mechanism also influences sensory transmission to supraspinal centers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA single exposure to prolonged flexor carpi radialis muscle vibration increases sensorimotor cortical areas activity.
J Neurophysiol
January 2025
Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France.
Prolonged local vibration (LV) is thought to promote brain plasticity through repeated Ia afferents discharge. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study therefore aimed at determining the acute after-effects of 30-min LV of the flexor carpi radialis muscle (FCR) on sensorimotor (S1, M1) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) areas activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCortical tracking of postural sways during standing balance.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
Article Synopsis
- Maintaining balance requires the brain to integrate information from visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems to adjust posture effectively.
- The study investigates whether cerebral cortex activity is linked to postural sways during balance tasks, revealing that cortico-kinematic coherence (CKC) exists in the brain's oscillations when standing.
- Findings show that the brain monitors center-of-pressure (CoP) variations and controls balance actively, making CKC a potential indicator of how the brain supports stability, particularly when sensory information is altered.
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