AI Article Synopsis
- Previous analyses of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria revealed issues with quantifying compounds due to the presence of multiple trimethylsilyl derivatives.
- Using hydrochloric acid/sodium chloride during solvent extraction produced various derivatives, complicating diagnosis.
- To minimize these artifacts, it's recommended to use sulfate-based reagents and DEAE-Sephadex extraction, and if chloride-based reagents are necessary, pyridine should be added before trimethylsilylation to prevent incomplete reactions.
Article Abstract
Previous reports of patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria have described the occurrence of di-trimethylsilyl (TMS) and tri-TMS derivatives of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid on analysis using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, leading to difficulty in quantification and ambiguity in diagnosis. We have extracted organic acids from the urine of patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria using a variety of procedures. Solvent extraction combined with hydrochloric acid/sodium chloride resulted in production of both di-TMS and tri-TMS derivatives of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and also mono-TMS and di-TMS derivatives of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid. The effects were not abolished by heating. Use of sulphate-based reagents minimised artefact formation and use of DEAE-Sephadex anion exchange extraction resulted in single fully trimethylsilylated derivatives. Artefact formation during use of chloride-based reagents was abolished by pyridine added prior to trimethylsilylation. Chloride ions form adducts with hydroxyl groups in these 3-hydroxy-3-methyl carboxylic acids that prevent complete trimethylsilylation. Chloride-based reagents should be avoided in the solvent extraction of organic acids from physiological fluids or, if used, pre-treatment of the dried extract with pyridine is essential to avoid partial trimethylsilylation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl carboxylic acids.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00324-7 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Interaction of atorvastatin with the human glial transporter SLC16A1.
Eur J Pharmacol
October 2016
Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan. Electronic address:
Solute carrier (SLC) 16A1 is a pH-dependent carrier of 5-oxoproline, a derivative of the amino acid. SLC16A1 interacts with carboxylate group-containing substrates, which are also present in atorvastatin, and might be the reason for its ability to interact with atorvastatin. Does atorvastatin interact with the carrier? Does it also interact with the carrier via the substrate recognition site? This study was carried out to answer these questions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFirst identification of natural products from the African medicinal plant Zamioculcas zamiifolia - A drought resistant survivor through millions of years.
Fitoterapia
October 2015
Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Electronic address:
Zamioculcas zamiifolia, an unusually drought resistant medicinal plant native to tropical east Africa and subtropical southeast Africa, including the countries Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South-Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe, is described as a living fossil which may have evolved as early as 42 million years ago. It belongs to the notoriously toxic family Araceae giving it, through association, a reputation for being toxic; despite little or no systematic evidence exists to support this claim. As an ancient plant it has sustained substantial climate changes and attacks from millions of generations of pathogenic microorganisms, which encouraged search for novel natural products from this source.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFβ-cyclodextrin in personal care formulations: role on the complexation of malodours causing molecules.
Int J Cosmet Sci
August 2015
Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona Street, 70125, Bari, Italy.
Objective: The aim of this study was to prove the capability of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to interact with some representative molecules responsible to cause body malodour, such as carboxylic acids, thiols and steroids, present in sweat and body secretions.
Methods: The association constants in guest-CD were determined by (1) H-NMR spectroscopy for thiols and steroids such as 3-mercapto-1-hexanol, androstenone, androstenol and androsterone, and pH-potentiometric titration for acetic acid, l(+) lactic acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-hexanoic acid.
Results: All considered systems are able to interact with relatively weak association constants with β-cyclodextrin, in a 1 : 1 host-guest ratio.
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate stimulates gamma-secretase to increase the generation of Abeta and APP-CTFgamma.
FASEB J
January 2008
Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
Cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretases results in generation of the amyloid-beta protein (Abeta), which is characteristically deposited in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase (the statins) reduce levels of cholesterol and isoprenoids such as geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Previous studies have demonstrated that cholesterol increases and statins reduce Abeta levels mostly by regulating beta-secretase activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew prenylated benzoic acid derivatives of Piper hispidum.
Pharmazie
June 2005
Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmazeutische Biologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin.
Three new 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid derivatives, 4-methoxy-3,5-bis-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl)benzoate, 3-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid, and 3-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester together with eight known compounds, have been isolated from the stems of Piper hispidum. Their structures were elucidated by a detailed spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the cytotoxicity of seven isolated compounds has been evaluated, revealing a moderate activity for three derivatives of dillapiole.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!