Barefoot running kinematics has been described to vary considerably from shod running. However, previous investigations were typically based on externally mounted shoe and/or skin markers, which have been shown to overestimate skeletal movements. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare calcaneal and tibial movements of barefoot versus shod running using skeletal markers. Intracortical bone pins with reflective marker triads were inserted under standard local anesthetic into the calcaneus and tibia of five healthy male subjects. The subjects ran barefoot, with a normal shoe, with three shoe soles and two orthotic modifications. The three-dimensional tibiocalcaneal rotations were determined using a joint coordinate system approach. Test variables were defined for eversion and tibial rotation. The results showed that the differences in bone movements between barefoot and shod running were small and unsystematic (mean effects being less than 2 degrees ) compared with the differences between the subjects (up to 10 degrees ). However, differences may occur during midstance when extreme shoe modifications (i.e. posterior orthosis) are used. It is concluded that calcaneal and tibial movement patterns do not differ substantially between barefoot and shod running, and that the effects of these interventions are subject specific. The result of this in vivo study contrasts with previous investigations using skin and shoe mounted markers and suggests that these discrepancies may be the result of the overestimation with externally mounted markers.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00116-0 | DOI Listing |
Hum Mov Sci
December 2024
Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
This study investigated the acute effects of barefoot (BF) running on biomechanical parameters and cytokine concentrations. Seventy-one habitually shod runners had biomechanical parameters evaluated during running shod (SH) and BF, while a sub-group of 19 runners had their inflammatory profile analyzed before and after a running session, using their habitual shoes or barefoot. Running BF changed spatiotemporal and joint kinematics, including the stride frequency (increased) and length (decreased), and foot strike pattern (more plantarflexed ankle at initial contact).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biomech
November 2024
Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address:
Gastrocnemius weakness is associated with Achilles tendinopathies and muscle strains, with the medial gastrocnemius (MG) more commonly injured than the lateral gastrocnemius (LG). Walking and jogging are common in daily activities and sports, and biomechanical differences between shod and barefoot exercise may influence MG and LG activation. Understanding these activation patterns could help optimize training programs for injury prevention and/or rehabilitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
July 2024
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan.
Multi-segment foot kinematics during shod running are difficult to investigate in clinical settings. Stretch strain sensors can measure foot kinematics; however, whether they can evaluate foot kinematics during shod running or at the midfoot kinematics remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the stretch strain sensor could reveal differences between shod and barefoot conditions and midfoot kinematics during running.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
April 2024
Research and Development Department, Volodalen, Chavéria, France.
Delving into the complexities of embodied cognition unveils the intertwined influence of mind, body, and environment. The connection of physical activity with cognition sparks a hypothesis linking motion and personality traits. Hence, this study explored whether personality traits could be linked to biomechanical variables characterizing running forms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGait Posture
March 2024
Spaulding National Running Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
Background: A common gait retraining goal for runners is reducing vertical ground reaction force (GRF) loading rates (LRs), which have been associated with injury. Many gait retraining programs prioritize an internal focus of attention, despite evidence supporting an external focus of attention when a specific outcome is desired (e.g.
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