Can cytokines be removed by hemofiltration or hemoadsorption?

To study the removability of pro-inflammatory cytokines by hemofiltration (HF), we performed experimental HF with various high-flux membranes (HFM) using a closed circuit system filled with monocyte-free human plasma, which contained TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6. Plasma and filtrate samples were taken before and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after the initiation of HF, and each cytokine was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-1beta was well removed through filtration during experimental HF using HFM (PAN>CTA>PMMA>PS). TNFalpha and IL-6 were only minimally filtered out by HF using HFM. TNFalpha was removed to some extent by using PS, and IL-6 was partially removed by using PMMA during experimental HF through other mechanisms, such as adsorption, than the filtration. IL-1beta and IL-6 were effectively removed by HA using charcoal adsorbent column, especially during the first 2 hours, while TNFalpha was only partly removed.