Reduced mortality after severe head injury will increase the demands for rehabilitation services.

Primary Objective: In 1989, a new therapy to reduce intracranial pressure in severely head-injured patients was introduced in Lund. The new treatment reduced mortality significantly. The present study describes the quality of life for the survivors.

Methods And Procedures: The study includes 53 patients treated during 1989-1994, according to a new treatment protocol for increased intracranial pressure ('Lund concept' group). During 1982-1986, 38 patients were managed according to a protocol including high dose thiopentone ('Thiopentone' group). The two groups are compared regarding neurophysical and psychiatric symptoms as well as aspects regarding the patient's role, performance, interpersonal relationship, frictions, feelings and satisfaction in work, areas of social and leisure activities, and extended family.

Results: Mortality was reduced from 47% to 8%, but the number of patients with a persistent vegetative state and/or remaining severe disability did not increase. However, the number of patients with persisting emotional and intellectual deficits increased significantly.

Conclusion: The new treatment regime has dramatically increased the number of survivors after severe head trauma. Although most patients have a favourable outcome, there are more patients with remaining sequelae and disabilities, and the demand for qualified rehabilitation has increased.