People infected with schistosomes may present with a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from the relatively asymptomatic intestinal (INT) form to the hepatointestinal (HI) or hepatosplenic (HS) forms characterized by hepatomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly with severe portal hypertension, respectively. Flow cytometry analyses were used to evaluate the contribution of apoptosis in specific cell populations from schistosomiasis patients to the development of the different clinical forms of the disease. The results showed that cell death induced by combinations of specific antigen and cytokines corresponds with specific clinical presentations. It was shown that soluble egg antigen (SEA) increased the level of apoptosis only in T cells from INT patients. Stimulation with soluble lung worm antigen preparation (SLAP) did not induce significant differences in the levels of apoptosis in T cells from the patients with the different clinical forms of schistosomiasis. These results suggest for the first time that apoptosis plays an important role in the modulation of the anti-SEA response in INT patients.
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