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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine in America and Overseas: A Narrative Review.
Cureus
November 2024
Department of Pain Medicine, Fondazione Paolo Procacci, Rome, ITA.
This narrative review examines the role of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts, with particular emphasis on the differences in vaccination policies between countries, such as the US, where routine BCG administration is not practiced. A significant complication of the BCG vaccine is false positive results in the tuberculin skin test (TST), often leading to misdiagnoses and unnecessary treatments. To address these issues, interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have emerged as a more specific diagnostic tool that reduces false positives associated with prior BCG vaccination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCracking the antigenic code of mycobacteria: CFP-10/ESAT-6 tuberculosis skin test and misleading results.
J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis
August 2024
"Biotechnology Developments" JSC, Moscow, Russia.
There are different tuberculosis diagnostic tools available that detect an antigen-specific immune response. The present study aims to evaluate the potential of cross-reactive responses of a CFP-10 and ESAT-6 antigen-based TB test using bioinformatics tools. The study found that the presence of the sequences coding for the CFP-10 and ESAT-6 antigens in mycobacterial genomes is not associated with their pathogenicity, and not even consistent within a single species among its strains, which can lead to either false positive or false negative test results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative analysis of tuberculin and defined antigen skin tests for detection of bovine tuberculosis in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Haryana state, India.
BMC Vet Res
February 2024
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125 004, India.
Background: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic disease that results from infection with any member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Infected animals are typically diagnosed with tuberculin-based intradermal skin tests according to World Organization of Animal Health which are presently in use. However, tuberculin is not suitable for use in BCG-vaccinated animals due to a high rate of false-positive reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative performance evaluation of QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB and tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in Viet Nam.
Sci Rep
September 2023
Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, WHO Collaboration Centre on Tuberculosis and Social Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
Current WHO-recommended diagnostic tools for tuberculosis infection (TBI) have well-known limitations and viable alternatives are urgently needed. We compared the diagnostic performance and accuracy of the novel QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB assay (QIAreach; index) to the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assay (QFT-Plus; reference). The sample included 261 adults (≥ 18 years) recruited at community-based TB case finding events.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUse of Interferon-Gamma Release Assays in Children <2 Years Old.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc
August 2023
Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
While interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are widely used for detecting tuberculosis (TB) infection, tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) remain preferred for children under the age of 2 years. The preference for TST stems from concern over IGRA sensitivity in young children. However, TSTs are susceptible to false-positive results following Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, which is common in infancy, and exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria.
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