The nasal mucociliary clearance system transports the mucus layer that covers the nasal epithelium towards the nasopharynx by ciliary beating. Its function is to protect the respiratory system from damage by inhaled substances. Impairment of nasal mucociliary clearance can result in diseases of the upper airways. Therefore, it is important to study the effects of drugs and drug excipients on nasal mucociliary clearance. A large number of methods are used to assess mucociliary clearance. These methods study the effects of drug and excipients on the mucociliary system in vitro or in vivo in animals and humans. In some cases, the results of different in vitro and in vivo measurements do not correlate well. In vitro methods, especially ciliary beat frequency measurements, have been demonstrated to be valuable tools for toxicity screening. However, in vivo studies are essential to confirm the safety of nasal drug formulations. Nasal mucociliary clearance also has implications for nasal drug absorption. Drugs are cleared rapidly from the nasal cavity after intranasal administration, resulting in fast systemic drug absorption. Several approaches are discussed to increase the residence time of drug formulations in the nasal cavity, resulting in improved nasal drug absorption. However, more experimental evidence is needed to support the conclusion that this improved absorption is caused by a longer residence time of the nasal drug formulation.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-409x(97)00059-8 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial to Assess Efficacy and Safety of ELOM-080 in Outpatients with COVID-19.
Adv Ther
January 2025
General Medical Practice, Munich, Germany.
Introduction: Incidences of infections with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are still high and treatment guidelines lack specific recommendations for outpatients with Coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19). Phytomedicine ELOM-080, an enhancer of mucociliary clearance (MCC), showed benefits as add-on therapy in hospitalised COVID-19 patients.
Methods: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study investigated whether outpatients with mild to moderate acute symptomatic COVID-19 would benefit from a 14-day treatment with ELOM-080 with regard to potential early treatment effects on cough and further typical COVID-19 symptoms.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD, OMIM 244400) is a rare genetic disorder that affects motile cilia and is characterised by impaired mucociliary clearance of the airway epithelium, which results in chronic upper and lower airway infections. While short-read next-generation sequencing technology has been used for the genetic testing of PCD, its effectiveness is limited in identifying variants in the gene because of the nearly identical pseudogene As we confirmed that the gene was not expressed in airway cells, we obtained nasal mucosa biopsy specimens for total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with library enrichment using exome oligos. Among the 34 nasal samples from patients suspected of having PCD, three aberrant splicing patterns in were identified in two samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe (re)emergence of aerosol delivery: Treatment of pulmonary diseases and its clinical challenges.
J Control Release
January 2025
Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France; CHU de Brest, Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de la Reproduction, F-29200 Brest, France. Electronic address:
Aerosol delivery represents a rapid and non-invasive way to directly reach the lungs while escaping the hepatic first-pass effect. The development of pulmonary drugs for respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, lung infections, pulmonary fibrosis or lung cancer requires an enhanced understanding of the relationships between the natural physiology of the respiratory system and the pathophysiology of these conditions. This knowledge is crucial to better predict and thereby control drug deposition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInhalable Mucociliary-On-Chip System Revealing Pulmonary Clearance Dynamics in Nanodrug Delivery.
ACS Nano
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
The development of a inhaled nanodrug delivery assessment platform is crucial for advancing treatments for chronic lung diseases. Traditional in vitro models and commercial aerosol systems fail to accurately simulate the complex human respiratory patterns and mucosal barriers. To address this, we have developed the breathing mucociliary-on-a-chip (BMC) platform, which replicates mucociliary clearance and respiratory dynamics in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomedicines for Pulmonary Drug Delivery: Overcoming Barriers in the Treatment of Respiratory Infections and Lung Cancer.
Pharmaceutics
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
The pulmonary route for drug administration has garnered a great deal of attention in therapeutics for treating respiratory disorders. It allows for the delivery of drugs directly to the lungs and, consequently, the maintenance of high concentrations at the action site and a reduction in systemic adverse effects compared to other routes, such as oral or intravenous. Nevertheless, the pulmonary administration of drugs is challenging, as the respiratory system tries to eliminate inhaled particles, being the main responsible mucociliary escalator.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!