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Engrailed1 in Parvalbumin-Positive Neurons Regulates Eye-Specific Retinogeniculate Segregation and Visual Function.
J Neurosci Res
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Institute for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Homeobox transcription factor Engrailed1 (En1) is expressed in the ectoderm and mediates the establishment of retinotectal topography, but its role in eye-specific retinogeniculate segregation and visual function remains unclear. Parvalbumin (PV) neurons, which are widely distributed in the visual pathway, play a crucial role in visual development and function. In this study, we conditionally knocked out En1 gene in PV neurons and found an expansion of the ipsilateral eye projection, while no significant effects were observed in the contralateral eye projection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic silencing of subsets of cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons has a long-term influence on the laminar distribution of parvalbumin interneurons and the perineuronal nets.
J Anat
December 2024
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Article Synopsis
- Neural networks need a balance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons during cortical development; disturbances can affect both pyramidal and GABAergic neuron functions.
- This study investigates the role of deep-layer pyramidal neurons by manipulating specific layer 5 projection neurons to see how they influence GABAergic neuron distribution and function.
- Results showed that silencing these pyramidal neurons did not affect the overall number of parvalbumin neurons, but did alter their adult distribution and connectivity in specific areas of the cortex, indicating a complex interaction in inhibitory network formation.
Lateral entorhinal cortex afferents reconfigure the activity in piriform cortex circuits.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
November 2024
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina.
Odors are key signals for guiding spatial behaviors such as foraging and navigation in rodents. Recent findings reveal that odor representations in the piriform cortex (PCx) also encode spatial context information. However, the brain origins of this information and its integration into PCx microcircuitry remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNMDA receptors regulate the firing rate set point of hippocampal circuits without altering single-cell dynamics.
Neuron
November 2024
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Sieratzki Institute for Advances in Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address:
Understanding how neuronal circuits stabilize their activity is a fundamental yet poorly understood aspect of neuroscience. Here, we show that hippocampal network properties, such as firing rate distribution and dimensionality, are actively regulated, despite perturbations and single-cell drift. Continuous inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) ex vivo lowers the excitation/inhibition ratio and network firing rates while preserving resilience to perturbations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDefects of parvalbumin-positive interneurons are implicated in psychiatric disorders.
Biochem Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Psychiatric disorders are a significant cause of long-term disability and economic issues globally, yet treatment standards have not improved much despite advances in understanding these conditions.
- Fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVIs) are critical in the hippocampus and may contribute to mental disorders like depression and schizophrenia (SCZ), but their regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.
- The review discusses how dysfunctional PVIs could lead to behaviors associated with depression and cognitive issues seen in SCZ, emphasizing the roles of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity influenced by PVIs' activities.
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