The method of light microscopy was used in order to study the synapses of motor neurons of the thoracic and lumbar parts of the spinal cord of intact frogs. Under study were the shape of the synapses, their size, as well as the quantitative distribution on the bodies and dendrites of neurons. It was established that the distribution density of active synaptic terminations on the motor neurons of the lumbar part was higher than the density of active synapses in the thoracic part, and the amount of synaptic terminations on dendrites was greater than on the neuron bodies; the snyaptic terminations of different shape were different in size; the occurrence of certain shapes of synaptic terminations in the thoracic and lumbar parts was almost the same.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Dept. of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a motor neuron disease (MND) which mainly affects upper motor neurons. Within the MND spectrum, PLS is much more slowly progressive than amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS). `Classical` ALS is characterized by catabolism and abnormal energy metabolism preceding onset of motor symptoms, and previous studies indicated that the disease progression of ALS involves hypothalamic atrophy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosci Lett
January 2025
Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Occupational Therapy, Biwako Professional University of Rehabilitation, 967 Kitasaka, Higashiomi, Shiga 527-0145, Japan.
Skilled motor training causes the cortical representation of the trained body parts to expand into regions of the motor cortex related to other body parts. However, the effect of neuroplastic changes on the neurons originally existing within the expanded area is not well understood. In this study, the extent of the neuroplastic changes after achieving sufficient motor learning and the impact of the expansion on the neurons related to movements of other body parts were investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Biol
January 2025
Research Group Neurobiology of Flight Control, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - caesar, 53175 Bonn, Germany. Electronic address:
Approaching threats are perceived through visual looming, a rapid expansion of an image on the retina. Visual looming triggers defensive responses such as freezing, flight, turning, or take-off in a wide variety of organisms, from mice to fish to insects. In response to looming, flies perform rapid evasive turns known as saccades.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScience
January 2025
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
The current understanding of primate natural action organization derives from laboratory experiments in restrained contexts (RCs) under the assumption that this knowledge generalizes to freely moving contexts (FMCs). In this work, we developed a neurobehavioral platform to enable wireless recording of the same premotor neurons in both RCs and FMCs. Neurons often encoded the same hand and mouth actions differently in RCs and FMCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe NSD-ISS Working Group developed a data-driven approach to: 1) determine a biologic definition for disease; 2) establish a framework for a disease staging platform. NSD is defined by the presence of pathologic n-asyn (S) assessed by a validated in vivo biomarker and ultimate presence of dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction (D). This biologic definition is independent of the presence of clinical features, or if present, of the specific clinical syndrome.
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