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Biotransformation of Current-Use Progestin Dienogest and Drospirenone in Laboratory-Scale Activated Sludge Systems Forms High-Yield Products with Altered Endocrine Activity.
Environ Sci Technol
October 2021
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.
Dienogest (DIE) and drospirenone (DRO) are two fourth-generation synthetic progestins widely used as oral contraceptives. Despite their increasing detection in wastewaters and surface waters, their fate during biological wastewater treatment is unclear. Here, we investigated DIE and DRO biotransformation with representative activated sludge batch incubations and identified relevant transformation products (TPs) using high-resolution mass spectrometry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOral Progestins in Hormonal Contraception: Importance and Future Perspectives of a New Progestin Only-Pill Containing 4 mg Drospirenone.
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd
September 2021
Medical Director Exeltis Europe, Ismaning, Germany.
Hormonal contraceptives are an effective and safe method for preventing pregnancy. Progestins used in contraception are either components of combined hormonal contraceptives (tablets, patches or vaginal rings) or are used as a single active ingredient in progestin mono-preparations (the progestin-only pill (POP), implants, intrauterine systems or depot preparations). Progestins are highly effective in long-term contraception when used properly, and have a very good safety profile with very few contraindications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCyproterone acetate acts as a disruptor of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
Sci Rep
March 2021
Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC.
Prostate cancer is a major cause of death in males. Cyproterone acetate (CPA), the steroidal anti-androgen for part of androgen deprivation therapy, may block the androgen-receptor interaction and then reduce serum testosterone through its weak anti-gonadotropic action. In addition to CPA inducing hepatitis, CPA is known to cause liver tumors in rats also.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods of hormonal contraception are an important tool in the implementation of family planning. Although the primary design of hormonal contraceptives was based on a combination of estrogenic and progestogenic components, the most important component of hormonal contraceptives is the progestin molecule responsible for the anti-gonadotropic effect leading to ovulation inhibition, increased cervical mucus viscosity and endometrial desynchronization. The combination of progestins with estrogens has improved the bleeding profile, but it has increased the risk of cardiovascular complications, particularly deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, in patients at specific risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic simultaneous exposure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from embryonic to juvenile stage to drospirenone and gestodene at low ng/L level caused intersex.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2020
University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Vodňany, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Synthetic progestins are emerging contaminants of the aquatic environment with endocrine disrupting potential. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the synthetic progestins gestodene, and drospirenone on sex differentiation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by histological analysis. To gain insights into the mechanisms behind the observations from the in vivo experiment on sex differentiation, we analyzed expression of genes involved in hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes, histology of hepatopancreas, and in vitro bioassays.
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