Fractures of the hand skeleton are common injuries. These are or are associated with phalangeal fractures. Kirschner wires can be used for osteosynthesis, but can cause lesions of peripheral finger structures. The aim of our study was to record the incidence of lesions in peripheral structures of the fingers caused by retrograde crossed inserted Kirschner wires of 1.0, 1.25, 1.4 and 1.6 mm diameter into the middle and proximal phalanges of the long fingers and the proximal phalanx of the thumb of 120 fresh cadaver hands. We found an increase of insertion attempt frequency and an increasing number of lesions with increasing Kirschner wire diameter. Because of these findings Kirschner wires of 1.0 or 1.25 mm diameter should be preferred to prevent the peripheral functional finger structures.
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