Sunscreen is used to help provide some protection from the harmful effects of the sun. Each sunscreen identifies its sun protection factor (SPF) which indicates the degree of protection offered by the product. However, the SPF is dependent upon an internationally agreed amount of 2 mg/cm2 being applied. Studies have shown that people rarely use sufficient sunscreen to offer protection from the sun. A simple photographic technique is described which demonstrates the uniformity of sunscreen applied by users. By employing an ultraviolet fluorescence photographic technique with a sunscreen known to exhibit fluorescent characteristics, it can be shown that in many instances sunscreen is not applied in an even layer. The SPF for the product may therefore not be achieved over the entire area of skin which was intended to be protected by the user. This photographic method could be used in a clinical setting to demonstrate application techniques of skin preparations where uniformity of product on the skin is of utmost importance.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014051199101954 | DOI Listing |
Int J Nanomedicine
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
Introduction: The anti-cancer properties of zinc oxide-doped carbon dots (CDs/ZnO) in inhibiting triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression merit more investigation.
Methods: With citric acid as the carbon source, urea applied as the nitrogen source, and zinc oxide (ZnO) used as a reactive dopant, CDs/ZnO were synthesized by microwave heating in the current study, followed by the characterization and biocompatibility assessments. Subsequently, the anti-cancer capabilities of CDs/ZnO against TNBC progression were evaluated by various biochemical and molecular techniques, including viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, clonogenicity, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, redox homeostasis, metabolome, and transcriptome assays of MDA-MB-231 cells.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
pH sensing technology is pivotal for monitoring aquatic ecosystems and diagnosing human health conditions. Indium-gallium-zinc oxide electrolyte-gated thin-film transistors (IGZO EGTFTs) are highly regarded as ion-sensing devices due to the pH-dependent surface chemistry of their sensing membranes. However, applying EGTFT-based pH sensors in complex biofluids containing diverse charged species poses challenges due to ion interference and inherently low sensitivity constrained by the Nernst limit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiosensors (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
NO is a toxic gas that can damage the lungs with prolonged exposure and contribute to health conditions, such as asthma in children. Detecting NO is therefore crucial for maintaining a healthy environment. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials for NO gas sensors due to their excellent electronic properties and high adsorption energy for NO molecules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cosmet Dermatol
December 2024
La Roche Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, Levallois-Perret, France.
Background: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIHP) predominantly affects patients with melanin-rich skin, significantly impacting them psychosocially due to more frequent and severe pigmentary changes. In this study, the efficacy of a novel depigmenting agent 2-mercaptonicotinoyl glycine (Melasyl) in a dermocosmetic (DC) serum formulation is assessed as a stand-alone treatment of PIHP without sunscreen.
Materials And Methods: Thirty-two Mauritian subjects aged 18-50 years of phototype IV-VI presenting mild acne (GEA2) and moderate to severe PIHP (PAHPI > 10) participated in this study.
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol
December 2024
Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Background: Sensitive skin causes discomfort from irritants, impacting quality of life. While hypoallergenic moisturizers help prevent moisture loss, some ingredients can still cause irritation. Treatments like steroids and calcineurin inhibitors have side effects, and chemical sunscreens can cause irritation in sensitive skin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!