Loss of active tumor suppressor alleles on fibroblast chromosomes 11 and 14 are involved in radiation-induced neoplastic transformation of human hybrid CGL1 cells. Loss of either chromosome 11 or 14 alone is not sufficient for neoplastic transformation. To gain insight into the potential functions of these tumor suppressor loci, we have investigated the effects of chromosome 11 or 14 loss on radiation-induced neoplastic transformation. We recently demonstrated that loss of chromosome 11 increases the susceptibility to X-ray induced cell killing, neoplastic transformation and the expression of delayed death. The data suggested that one possible function of the chromosome 11 tumor suppressor gene may be to help maintain genome stability after radiation damage. We postulated that if the chromosome 14 allele is functioning in a similar manner, then the loss of chromosome 14 may also make the hybrid cells more susceptible to radiation-induced cell killing and neoplastic transformation. A hybrid cell line which has lost one copy of chromosome 14 was isolated and designated CON3(-14). CON3(-14) cells were more sensitive to X-ray-induced cell killing when compared with parental CGL1 cells. However, the susceptibility to radiation-induced neoplastic transformation was significantly reduced (by a factor of two) compared with the parental CGL1 cells. The expression of delayed death in the progeny of the irradiated CON3(-14) cells, growing in transformation flasks, was similar to CGL1 cells during the 21 day assay period. Taken together, the data indicate that loss of chromosome 14 alone increased the X-ray sensitivity of the hybrid cells but reduced their susceptibility to radiation-induced neoplastic transformation. These data suggest that the tumor suppressor alleles on chromosomes 11 and 14 may be functionally distinct in terms of their regulation of genomic instability and neoplastic transformation after radiation exposure.
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