The formation and evolution of young low-mass stars are characterized by important processes of mass loss and accretion occurring in the innermost regions of their placentary circumstellar disks. Because of the large obscuration of these disks at optical and infrared wavelengths in the early protostellar stages (class 0 sources), they were previously detected only at radio wavelengths using interferometric techniques. We have detected with the Infrared Space Observatory the mid-infrared (mid-IR) emission associated with the class 0 protostar VLA1 in the HH1-HH2 region located in the Orion nebula. The emission arises in three wavelength windows (at 5. 3, 6.6, and 7.5 micrometers) where the absorption due to ices and silicates has a local minimum that exposes the central part of the young protostellar system to mid-IR investigations. The mid-IR emission arises from a central source with a diameter of 4 astronomical units at an averaged temperature of approximately 700 K, deeply embedded in a dense region with a visual extinction of 80 to 100 magnitudes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5466.649 | DOI Listing |
Appl Spectrosc
December 2024
Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an ever-growing hazard for health and environment due to their increased emissions and accumulation in the air. Quantum cascade laser-based infrared (QCL-IR) sensors hold significant promise for gas monitoring, thanks to their compact, rugged design, high laser intensity, and high molecule-specific detection capabilities within the mid-infrared spectrum's fingerprint region. In this work, tunable external cavity QCLs were complemented by an innovative germanium-on-silicon integrated optics waveguide sensing platform with integrated microlenses for efficient backside optical interfacing for the tunable laser spectrometer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Soc Rev
January 2025
Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland.
Photon avalanche (PA)-where the absorption of a single photon initiates a 'chain reaction' of additional absorption and energy transfer events within a material-is a highly nonlinear optical process that results in upconverted light emission with an exceptionally steep dependence on the illumination intensity. Over 40 years following the first demonstration of photon avalanche emission in lanthanide-doped bulk crystals, PA emission has been achieved in nanometer-scale colloidal particles. The scaling of PA to nanomaterials has resulted in significant and rapid advances, such as luminescence imaging beyond the diffraction limit of light, optical thermometry and force sensing with (sub)micron spatial resolution, and all-optical data storage and processing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
December 2024
Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake Kolkata-700106, India.
We report an instantaneous room-temperature phase separation of 1 mM bovine serum albumin solution in the presence of (20% acetic acid+0.2 M NaCl), a routinely used food preservative; an opaque liquid-like phase (L) coexists in equilibrium with a granular gel like phase (G). Interestingly, neither 20% acetic acid nor 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrated coherent mid-infrared (mid-IR) sources are crucial for spectroscopy and quantum frequency conversion (QFC) to facilitate scalable fiber-based application of single photons. Direct mid-IR emission with broad tunability poses fundamental challenges from the gain media and mirror components. This paper presents a characterization of a second-order nonlinear platform.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
November 2024
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
Infrared emission features are observed towards diverse astronomical objects in the interstellar medium (ISM). Generally, the consensus is that these IR features originate from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and are hence named aromatic infrared bands (AIBs). More recently, it has been suggested that nitrogen substituted PAHs (PANHs) contribute to the AIBs as well and it has even been shown that nitrogen inclusion in PAHs can improve the match with the AIBs, specifically around the 6.
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