Expression of sulfoglucuronyl (HNK-1) carbohydrate and its binding protein (SBP-1) in developing rat cerebellum.

Sulfoglucuronyl carbohydrate (SGC) is expressed on several glycoproteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell-adhesion molecules. Developmental expression of SGC and its binding protein, SBP-1, was studied in the rat cerebellum by immunocytochemistry to understand the function of SBP-1 and the significance of its interaction with SGC. During early postnatal development (postnatal day (PD) 3-10) SBP-1 was strongly expressed in the granule neurons of the external and internal granule cell layers (EGCL and IGCL). This expression declined by PD 15, and disappeared in the adult. Between PD 3 and 15, SGC was expressed in cellular processes surrounding the granule neurons in the IGCL, and it also declined and disappeared with development. SGC expression, however, continued in Purkinje cells and their dendrites in the molecular layer in adults. The expressions of SBP-1 and SGC were developmentally regulated and appeared to be chronologically co-ordinated with granule neuron migration from EGCL to IGCL. High magnification confocal microscopy showed that SBP-1 was primarily localized in nuclei and plasma membranes of granule neurons, whereas SGC in the IGCL was localized on neuronal plasma membranes, dendrites and glial processes, but not in cell soma. The relative localization of SBP and SGC was confirmed by cellular and subcellular markers in vivo and with dissociated cerebellar cells in culture. It is proposed that SBP-1 on plasma membranes of granule neurons interacts with SGC on the surrounding processes and membranes and this interaction could provide a potential mechanism for guidance and cell signaling, in the processes of granule neuron migration and differentiation.