AI Article Synopsis
- The study assessed phenytoin (PHT) for treating situation-related seizures in newborns and infants by reviewing 82 patient cases.
- Intravenous PHT was found to be more effective, achieving seizure freedom in 55% of patients, compared to just 9.1% with oral treatment.
- However, oral administration posed challenges with maintaining proper plasma levels and resulted in side effects for 43.6% of patients, highlighting the need for cautious use in young children.
Article Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of phenytoin (PHT) in the treatment of situation-related seizures and epilepsies in the newborn and infant; the clinical histories of 82 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty patients received for status epilepticus (SE), intravenous PHT followed by long-term oral administration for 27 of them. The other 22 patients had oral treatment only. Intravenous administration made 55% of these patients seizure-free, whereas oral administration produced lasting seizure control in only 9.1%. During chronic oral treatment, it was most difficult to obtain adequate plasma concentrations in 69.1% of the patients, and 43.6% had side effects, most of which were related to very high plasma concentrations. In conclusion, in the first 2 years of life, intravenous administration of PHT is useful for SE, but oral treatment is poorly effective with difficulty to achieve appropriate and stable therapeutic plasma concentrations, and with frequent side effects.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0387-7604(99)00110-2 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Barriers and missed opportunities in PrEP uptake, use and care among men who have sex with men with recent HIV infection in the Netherlands.
PLoS One
January 2025
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Introduction: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) acquisition. In the Netherlands, PrEP is accessible through the national PrEP program (NPP) or general practitioners (GP). Still, some men who have sex with men (MSM) entering HIV care indicated having PrEP experience prior to diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow to Design an Inhaled Drug: CHF-6523.
J Med Chem
January 2025
Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuicals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
Inhalation provides an opportunity to target drugs to the lung, potentially improving efficacy and safety margins for the treatment of respiratory conditions. The discovery of inhaled medicines is a specialized endeavor and has different challenges to medicinal chemistry for oral drugs. The appearance of a successful campaign delivering an inhaled PI3Kδ inhibitor is therefore an opportunity to highlight how a team can address the challenges involved in the identification of such a compound.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Acetylcholine M1 Receptor-Positive Allosteric Modulator (TAK-071) in Parkinson Disease With Cognitive Impairment: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Neurol
January 2025
Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Importance: Fall risk and cognitive impairment are prevalent and burdensome in Parkinson disease (PD), requiring efficacious, well-tolerated treatment.
Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of TAK-071, a muscarinic acetylcholine M1 positive allosteric modulator, in participants with PD, increased fall risk, and cognitive impairment.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This phase 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial was conducted from October 21, 2020, to February 27, 2023, at 19 sites in the US.
Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents vs Insulin for Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA
January 2025
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Importance: Metformin and glyburide monotherapy are used as alternatives to insulin in managing gestational diabetes. Whether a sequential strategy of these oral agents results in noninferior perinatal outcomes compared with insulin alone is unknown.
Objective: To test whether a treatment strategy of oral glucose-lowering agents is noninferior to insulin for prevention of large-for-gestational-age infants.
Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol
January 2025
Director of Co-Founder and Founder of Schizophrenia Society, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bipolar disorder often begins in adolescence or early adulthood, characterized by recurrent manic episodes that can lead to neurodegenerative brain changes and functional decline. While several oral second-generation antipsychotics are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for mania, adherence to maintenance treatment is frequently poor due to factors such as anosognosia, cognitive dysfunction, impulsivity, side effects aversion, and substance use. Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, approved for adults with bipolar mania or schizoaffective disorder (bipolar type), offer a potential solution for adolescents with similar conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!