Interaction of a semirigid agonist with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor.

The binding of the semirigid agonist [(3)H]arecolone methiodide to the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been correlated with its functional properties measured both in flux studies with Torpedo membrane vesicles and by single-channel analysis after reconstitution in giant liposomes. Under both equilibrium and preequilibrium conditions, the binding of arecolone methiodide is similar to that of other agonists such as acetylcholine. At equilibrium, it binds to two sites per receptor with high affinity (K(d) = 99 +/- 12 nM), and studies of its dissociation kinetics suggest that each of these sites is made up of two subsites that are mutually exclusive at equilibrium. The kinetics of arecolone methiodide binding were monitored by the changes in the receptor intrinsic fluorescence, and the data are consistent with a model in which the initial binding event is followed by sequential conformational transitions of the receptor-ligand complex. In flux studies, arecolone methiodide was approximately 3-fold more potent (EC(50) = 31 +/- 5 microM) than acetylcholine but its maximum flux rate was 4-10-fold lower. This phenomenon has been studied further by single-channel analysis of Torpedo receptors reconstituted in giant liposomes. Whereas the flexible agonist carbamylcholine (5 microM) was shown to induce channels with conductances of 56 and 34 pS with approximately equal frequency, arecolone methiodide (2 microM) preferentially induced the channel of lower conductance. These results are interpreted in terms of a simple model in which the rigidity of arecolone methiodide restrains the conformation that the receptor-ligand complex can adopt, thus favoring the lower conductance state.