[Allowing for polymer polydispersity--an essential condition for determination of aqueous pore diameters in cell walls and membranes using polymers].

A method of allowing for polydispersion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) preparations was developed for the use of these preparations for the osmometrical evaluation of pore diameters with aqueous pores of Chara corallina cell walls as an example. The mass share of polyethylene glycol preparation fractions gamma p penetrating through the pores was determined using cellular "shadows", fragments of internodal cell walls tied up at the ends and filled with a 25% solution of nonpenetrating PEG 6000. When immersed into water, such "shadow" acquired a turgor (hydrostatic) pressure close to the cellular pressure and persistent over long time. The determination of gamma p for polyethylene glycols with different average molecular weights Mw was performed from the degree of pressure restoration after water was replaced by a 5-10% polymer solution. The kinetics of pressure changes was recorded using a mechanotronic dynamometer, which measures, in the quasi-isometric mode, the force necessary for partial compression of the "shadow" in its small fragment. By utilizing the dependence of the overall share of fractions with molecular weights Mi < Mk on Mk (data of [1]), we found that gamma p, for these polyethylene glycols corresponds to the threshold value of Mk = 800-1100 D (hydrodynamic radius of molecules rh = 0.85-1.05 nm). Thus, the effective diameter of the pores in the cell wall of Chara does not exceed 2.1 nm. It was shown that the smoothness of the sigmoid shape of the dependence of ionic channel conductivity on the Mw value of the polymer in the media is largely due to the polydispersion of polymer preparations, particularly, to the reduction in the share of fractions penetrating the channels as Mw is increased. The method normally used to estimate pore diameters in ionic channels which ignores the dispersion of polymer preparations, results in overestimated values.