In wheat a unique series of aneuploids is available, ranging from all 21 possible monosomics to complex types which are simultaneously deficient for one chromosome and duplicate for another. Furthermore, lines with chromosomes from related, alien species either added to or substituted for wheat chromosomes are in common cytological use. This contribution considers the use of this range of material in studies designed to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of the species, investigations of the genetics of a polyploid with cytological diploidization, and in potential breeding manipulations.
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