Objective: To compare results obtained from a time-and-motion study with those obtained using self-reporting.
Summary Background Data: Nurse executives are often required to provide additional patient care services with limited personnel resources. As a result, nurse executives must evaluate the appropriate allocation of nursing personnel resources. Work measurement may be used to evaluate personnel allocation. Multiple measurement approaches are available, but few studies have compared these methods.
Methods And Subjects: Eight nurses were observed by a single observer during five shifts (or approximately 40 hours per nurse). After completion of the time-and-motion study, participants were to self-report their work activities during their ensuing five shifts. Mixed-effects analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of the work measurement method on percentage of total time, number of activities, and mean time per activity by activity category.
Results: Two hundred ninety hours of time-and-motion study observations and 338 hours of self-report data were available for analysis. Comparable amounts of total time were reported within the various activity categories using time-and-motion and self-reporting methods. In terms of number of activities reported, a significantly higher number of activities were reported using time-and-motion. As a result, mean activity times were significantly longer using the self-reporting method compared with time-and-motion.
Conclusions: Nurse executives should consider continuous self-reporting as a low-cost means of quantifying allocation of time among nursing personnel. Self-reporting, however, is not recommended for estimating the total number of activities or the mean time per activity because of perceptual differences between participants of what constitutes an activity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200003000-00003 | DOI Listing |
Circ Res
January 2025
Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (R.R.M., T.Z., E.D., L.X., A.B.-W., H.A.J., M.N., M.P., K.C.L., W.Q., J.A.O.D., F.Z.M.).
Background: Fermentation of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota leads to the production of metabolites called short-chain fatty acids, which lower blood pressure and exert cardioprotective effects. Short-chain fatty acids activate host signaling responses via the functionally redundant receptors GPR41 and GPR43, which are highly expressed by immune cells. Whether and how these receptors protect against hypertension or mediate the cardioprotective effects of dietary fiber remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
The remarkable efficiency with which enzymes catalyze small-molecule reactions has driven their widespread application in organic chemistry. Here, we employ automated fast-flow solid-phase synthesis to access catalytically active full-length enzymes without restrictions on the number and structure of noncanonical amino acids incorporated. We demonstrate the total syntheses of iron-dependent myoglobin (BsMb) and sperm whale myoglobin (SwMb).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent Pat Biotechnol
January 2025
Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni Mellal (FPBM), Sultan Moulay Slimane University (USMS), P.O. Box 592 Mghila, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco.
Aim: This research concerns the patentability of carvacrol; it could be helpful for researchers to easily identify any innovation in the biotechnological application of this monoterpene as well as other similar compounds.
Background: Like thyme or oregano, several plants in the Lamiaceae family produce carvacrol. It is one of the secondary metabolites with several biological activities, including the improvement in plants' resistance and their protection.
Front Vet Sci
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Introduction: Standing milkvetch () is widely distributed in the wild in Eurasia and North America and has been bred for cultivated forage in China. Yellow stunt and root rot disease caused by is the primary disease of standing milkvetch. promotes the production of swainsonine in the plant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN.
Background: Although the number of women entering dermatology residency programs is increasing, they still encounter numerous challenges and disparities, including limited career opportunities and difficulties in balancing family planning with their professional lives. Parental leave policies have been recognized for their positive impact on maternal, fetal, and familial well-being, career satisfaction, and gender equality. However, negative perceptions and a lack of awareness surrounding these policies may discourage female residents from taking parental leave during training.
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