4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a major aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation known to exert several biological and cytotoxic effects. The in vitro metabolism of [4-(3)H]-HNE by rat precision-cut liver slices was investigated. Liver slices rapidly metabolize HNE - about 85% of 0.1 microM [4-(3)H]-HNE was degraded within 5 min of incubation. The main metabolites of HNE identified were 4-hydroxynonenoic acid (HNA), glutathione-HNE-conjugate (HNE-GSH), glutathione-1,4-dihydroxynonene-conjugate (DHN-GSH) and cysteine-HNE-conjugate (HNE-CYS). Whereas glutathione conjugation demonstrated saturation kinetics (K(m)=412.2+/-152.7 microM and V(max)=12.3+/-2.5 nmol h(-1) per milligram protein), HNA formation was linear up to 500 microM HNE in liver slices. In contrast to previous reports, no trace of the corresponding alcohol of the HNE, 1,4-dihydroxynon-2-ene was detected in the present study. Furthermore, the beta-oxidation of HNA including the formation of tritiated water was demonstrated. The identification of 4-hydroxy-9-carboxy-2-nonenoic acid and 4,9-dihydroxynonanoic acid demonstrated that omega-oxidation significantly contributes to the biotransformation of HNE in liver slices.
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Quant Imaging Med Surg
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Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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