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Zolmitriptan niosomal transdermal patches: combating migraine via epigenetic and endocannabinoid pathways and reversal of migraine hypercoagulability.
Drug Deliv Transl Res
November 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, 21648, Egypt.
Conventional zolmitriptan (ZOL) has limited oral bioavailability, many adverse effects, and poor membrane penetrability that negatively influences its accessibility to its 5-HT receptor binding pocket, located transmemberanous. This work aimed at preparing transdermal ZOL-nanoformulation (niosomes) to surpass these limitations and to explore novel antimigraine mechanisms for ZOL via modulation of the epigenetically-altered chronification genes (RAMP-1, NPTX-2) or microRNAs and affecting the endocannabinoid CB-1/MAPK pathway. The prepared ZOL niosomes (F) exhibited %EE of 57.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative effects of drug interventions for the acute management of migraine episodes in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis.
BMJ
September 2024
Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Objective: To compare all licensed drug interventions as oral monotherapy for the acute treatment of migraine episodes in adults.
Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, ClinicalTrials.
Recent Development of Zolmitriptan Formulation in Migraine Therapy: Production, Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Aspects.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets
September 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India.
Article Synopsis
- * There are seven triptans available, including Zolmitriptan and Sumatriptan, with Zolmitriptan now offered in various convenient forms like orally disintegrating tablets and nasal sprays.
- * The article discusses Zolmitriptan's pharmacological characteristics, including its tolerability, production, metabolism, and the challenges faced due to its first-pass degradation, as researchers seek innovative solutions.
The 5-HT and 5-HT agonists in acute migraine therapy: Ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, and the triptans.
Handb Clin Neurol
February 2024
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address:
The advent of the triptans revolutionized acute migraine treatment. The older migraine-specific drugs, the ergot alkaloids (ergotamine and dihydroergotamine), also relieve migraine attacks through agonism at the 5-HT and 5-HT receptors, but the triptans have much greater specificity for these receptors. Unlike the ergot alkaloids, the triptans do not activate many other receptor types, and therefore are much better tolerated.
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