It has been shown that activation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) is the earliest detectable signaling response to FcepsilonRI cross-linking on mast cells. Following tyrosine kinase activation, a family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was found to be activated as well. Activation of this PTK signaling cascade will lead to mast cell degranulation. This review summarizes our recent studies on the role of PTK signaling cascade in an in vitro guinea pig model of allergic asthma using PTK inhibitors, genistein and tyrphostin 47, and MAPK kinase inhibitor, PD098059. Inhibitors of the PTK and MAPK signaling pathways significantly attenuated the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced bronchial anaphylactic contraction and enhanced relaxation of constricted airways, respectively, and substantially blocked the release of histamine and peptidoleukotrienes from chopped lung preparations induced by OVA. Based upon their substantial inhibitory effects on the Schultz-Dale reaction, further examination on the potential anti-asthmatic effects of PTK cascade inhibitors in an in vivo model of allergic asthma is recommended.
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