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Apobec-mediated retroviral hypermutation in vivo is dependent on mouse strain.
PLoS Pathog
August 2024
Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America.
Replication of the complex retrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is antagonized by murine Apobec3 (mA3), a member of the Apobec family of cytidine deaminases. We have shown that MMTV-encoded Rem protein inhibits proviral mutagenesis by the Apobec enzyme, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) during viral replication in BALB/c mice. To further study the role of Rem in vivo, we have infected C57BL/6 (B6) mice with a superantigen-independent lymphomagenic strain of MMTV (TBLV-WT) or a mutant strain that is defective in Rem and its cleavage product Rem-CT (TBLV-SD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent Views about the Inflammatory Damage Triggered by Bacterial Superantigens and Experimental Attempts to Neutralize Superantigen-Mediated Toxic Effects with Natural and Biological Products.
Pathophysiology
January 2024
Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70124 Bari, Italy.
Superantigens, i.e., staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, interact with T cells in a different manner in comparison to conventional antigens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPutative staphylococcal enterotoxin possesses two common structural motifs for MHC-II binding.
Int J Biol Macromol
January 2024
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India. Electronic address:
Staphylococcus aureus has become a significant cause of health risks in humankind. Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs) or enterotoxins are the key virulent factors that can exhibit acute diseases to severe life-threatening conditions. Recent literature reports S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel SPEA Superantigen Peptide Agonists and Peptide Agonist-TGFαL3 Conjugate. In Vitro Study of Their Growth-Inhibitory Effects for Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy.
Int J Mol Sci
June 2023
College of Science and Technology, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK.
Bacterial superantigens (SAgs) are effective T-cell stimulatory molecules that lead to massive cytokine production. Superantigens crosslink between MHC class II molecules on the Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) and TCR on T-cells. This enables them to activate up to 20% of resting T cells, whilst conventional antigen presentation results in the activation of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of Thermally Stable Nanobodies for Detection and Neutralization of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B.
Toxins (Basel)
June 2023
Western Regional Research Center United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA.
In this study, sixteen unique staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-reactive nanobodies (nbs), including ten monovalent and six bivalent nbs, were developed. All characterized nbs were highly specific for SEB and did not cross-react with other staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE). Several formats of highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were established using SEB nbs and a polyclonal antibody (pAb).
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