Earlier it was determined that inspiration of aerosolized measles vaccines may be as effective as its injection in induction of measles antibodies formation. In the beginning of measles infection the measles virus penetrates through mucosa of nose, mouth or eyes of children. So it seems rational to use a nasal spray of measles vaccine to induce "mucosal immunity" in the nasopharinx. Local IgA measles antibodies formation was observed only after measles vaccine spray immunization of 6-7 year old children or adult volunteers. The same level of sera measles antibodies was observed in immunized people after intranasal or subcutaneous measles vaccination. Special investigation of measles vaccination side effects in adults revealed that the injected vaccine suppressed lymphocytes functional capacity much more than when intranasally introduced. Intranasal measles vaccine spray introduction may be a useful method of child revaccination in the process of measles eradication. This method is useful for investigation of "mucosal immunity" in children or adults.
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Curr Pharm Biotechnol
January 2025
Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the need for society, as a whole, to be prepared against potential pandemics caused by a variety of different viral families of concern. Here, we describe a roadmap towards the identification and validation of conserved T cell epitope regions from Viral Families of Pandemic Potential (VFPP). For each viral family, we select a prototype virus, the sequence of which could be utilized in epitope identification screens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Public Health
January 2025
Eric Geng Zhou is with the Center for Child Health Services Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Jonathan Cantor is with RAND, Santa Monica, CA. Autumn Gertz, John S. Brownstein, and Benjamin Rader are with Innovation and Digital Health Accelerator, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. Brian Elbel is with the Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York.
To determine the association between parental characteristics and MMR (measles-mumps- rubella) vaccination status of children in the United States. We conducted a cross-sectional study from July 2023 to April 2024 using a digital health survey via OutbreaksNearMe, weighted to target national population characteristics. We analyzed the responses of 19 892 parents of children younger than 5 years to examine the association between self-reported parental characteristics (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidemiol Serv Saude
January 2025
Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Objective: To estimate measles-mumps-rubella vaccination coverage, delay and loss to follow-up in children up to 24 months old living in Brazilian cities.
Methods: Surveys and questionnaires with a retrospective cohort of live births in 2017-2018, analyzing vaccination coverage and sociodemographic data of children and families, based on vaccination card records and interviews.
Results: Valid coverage of first dose was 90.
Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia
January 2025
Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Background: In highly measles immunized countries, immunity gaps in adolescents and young adults are a key issue posing an obstacle to measles elimination. This study aims to identify the gaps by estimating the age-stratified probability of seropositivity, and to ascertain a suitable age for the administration of a third dose of a measles-containing vaccine (MCV3) to effectively fill these gaps.
Methods: We retrospectively obtained measles serological results from hospital setting among among individuals aged 13-39 years and developed a serocatalytic dynamic probability model, stratifying seropositivity due to vaccination or natural infection.
Vaccine
January 2025
Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address:
The mpox virus (MPXV) came to global attention with the 2022 global outbreak. Current vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis against MPXV consists of live vaccinia whole virus-based vaccines including ACAM2000®, JYNNEOS™, and LC16m8 originally developed against smallpox. Here, we analyzed 152 vaccinia-derived peptides we identified by mass spectrometry for homology with MPXV-1 and MPXV-2 sequences to evaluate their potential relevance to MPXV-specific immunity.
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