T1-SP10MN(A) is a synthetic peptide containing a T-helper (Th), cytotoxic T cell (CTL) and a B-cell epitope derived from the HIV-1 gp120 envelope protein. This peptide can elicit both systemic and mucosal antibody responses following nasal immunization in various species. In the present study, three different mucosal immunization strategies were performed in rabbits to determine which induced a more vigorous antibody response to T1-SP10MN(A). Nasal immunization followed by nasal boosting was found to be superior at inducing both serum IgG and vaginal secretory IgA (S-IgA) when compared to nasal followed by vaginal boosting. Conversely, vaginal priming followed by vaginal boosting elicited minimal serum IgG and vaginal S-IgA responses to T1-SP10MN(A), but moderate levels of vaginal IgG were detected. This study further demonstrates that vaginal immune responses can be elicited by immunization at distant and local mucosal sites.
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