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DetectEV: A functional enzymatic assay to assess integrity and bioactivity of extracellular vesicles.
J Extracell Vesicles
January 2025
Cell-Tech HUB and Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
The application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as therapeutics or nanocarriers in cell-free therapies necessitates meticulous evaluations of different features, including their identity, bioactivity, batch-to-batch reproducibility, and stability. Given the inherent heterogeneity in EV preparations, this assessment demands sensitive functional assays to provide key quality control metrics, complementing established methods to ensure that EV preparations meet the required functionality and quality standards. Here, we introduce the detectEV assay, an enzymatic-based approach for assessing EV luminal cargo bioactivity and membrane integrity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferentiating Between Perfluorohexyloctane Ophthalmic Solution and Water-Free Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Solution 0.1% for Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Characteristics.
Ophthalmol Ther
January 2025
Santa Barbara Eye Care, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Perfluorohexyloctane ophthalmic solution (Miebo) and water-free cyclosporine ophthalmic solution 0.1% (Vevye) are recently approved treatments for dry eye disease (DED). Perfluorohexyloctane (PFHO) uses a novel approach to treat evaporative DED, whereas water-free cyclosporine (CsA 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToward Resolving Heterogeneous Mixtures of Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery Systems through Light Scattering and Machine Learning.
ACS Nano
January 2025
iLoF-Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Rua de Godim 389, 4300 Porto, Portugal.
Nanocarriers (NCs) have emerged as a revolutionary approach in targeted drug delivery, promising to enhance drug efficacy and reduce toxicity through precise targeting and controlled release mechanisms. Despite their potential, the clinical adoption of NCs is hindered by challenges in their physicochemical characterization, essential for ensuring drug safety, efficacy, and quality control. Traditional characterization methods, such as dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis, offer limited insights, primarily focusing on particle size and concentration, while techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry are hampered by extensive sample preparation, high costs, and potential sample degradation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization and Fluctuations of an Ivermectin Binding Site at the Lipid Raft Interface of the N-Terminal Domain (NTD) of the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
Viruses
November 2024
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM UA16, 13015 Marseille, France.
Most studies on the docking of ivermectin on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 concern the receptor binding domain (RBD) and, more precisely, the RBD interface recognized by the ACE2 receptor. The N-terminal domain (NTD), which controls the initial attachment of the virus to lipid raft gangliosides, has not received the attention it deserves. In this study, we combined molecular modeling and physicochemical approaches to analyze the mode of interaction of ivermectin with the interface of the NTD-facing lipid rafts of the host cell membrane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvancements in Nanoparticle-Based Adjuvants for Enhanced Tuberculosis Vaccination: A Review.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating the development of more effective vaccines. Nanoparticle-based adjuvants represent a promising approach to enhancing tuberculosis vaccine efficacy. This review focuses on the advantages of nanoparticulate-loaded vaccines, emphasizing their ability to improve antigen delivery, safety, and immunogenicity.
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